Software of the Month Club 1996 May

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98 ORDER Form,4135,872 Distributors,5007,504 Foreign,5007,504 Resellers,5007,504 Arrays,5511,1167 Matrix,5511,1167 Inversion,5511,1167 Transpose,5511,1167 Passwords,6678,972 Columns,7650,1075 Width (Coln),7650,1075 Erase (Coln),7650,1075 Insert (Coln),7650,1075 dbf Import,8725,1032 dBase,8725,1032 Functions(Ext),9757,1842 Text Import,11599,1686 Import(Ruler),13285,603 Format,13888,1108 Appearance,13888,1108 F1-Key,14996,1035 Help,14996,1035 Pick List,14996,1035 F2-Key,16031,415 Edit Key,16031,415 F3-Key,16446,778 Macro Key,16446,778 F4-Key,17224,716 Absolute Key,17224,716 F5-Key,17940,381 GOTO Key,17940,381 F6-F10 Keys,18321,904 Window Key,18321,904 View Key,18321,904 Calc Key,18321,904 Graph Key,18321,904 General,19225,4599 Options,19225,4599 DOS Line,19225,4599 Startup,19225,4599 Basics,23824,727 Menus,23824,727 Goalseek,24551,1090 Graphs 3D,25641,621 3D Graphics,25641,621 Graphs,26262,1782 Options,28044,1299 Configure,28044,1299 Colors,28044,1299 Panels,28044,1299 Keys,29343,756 Navigating,29343,756 Arrow Keys,29343,756 Linking,30099,878 Macros,30977,1075 Macro Record,32052,925 Macro Keys,32977,1130 Macro Commands,34107,3628 Data Parse,37735,1605 Parsing,37735,1605 Print Codes,39340,1617 ASEASY.PRT,39340,1617 Printing,40957,2679 Query,43636,3417 Database,43636,3417 Criterion,43636,3417 Sorting,47053,953 DataSort,47053,953 Word Process,48006,932 Text,48006,932 Dates (@),48938,1325 Times (@),48938,1325 @-Date,48938,1325 @-Time,48938,1325 Finance (@),50263,2340 @-Financial,50263,2340 Logical (@),52603,1508 @-Logical,52603,1508 Math (@),54111,2141 @-Mathematical,54111,2141 Engineer (@),56252,2847 @-Engineering,56252,2847 Stat (@),59099,4883 @-Statistical,59099,4883 Special (@),63982,3206 @-Special,63982,3206 String (@),67188,2173 @-String,67188,2173 User (@),69361,752 @-User,69361,752 Linear Prog,70113,2126 Maximize,70113,2126 Minimize,70113,2126 3D Panels,72239,1260 Dimensions,72239,1260 Regression,73499,1884 Trend Line,73499,1884 End,75383,1 !ORDER Form ╧rder∙ourπopy∩f┴S-EASY-ASßndτet⌠he∞atest≥elease,═anual,╙upport, σtc.Callα1-800-GO-TRIUS`µorßπreditπard∩rder,╡08-794-9377µor╔nfo. ╬ame/Title:▀_____________________________________________________________ ├ompany:▀________________________________________________________________ ┴ddress:▀________________________________________________________________ ├ity:▀__________________State:______________ZipCode:▀______________ ú├opies▀___@α$69½ñ6≤&h╒SA`¿CANñ8.50╧therñ12.50)╘otal▀________ ├heck▀__VISA▀__MC▀__Other▀_____Disk╙ize:[▌3.5"[▌5.25" ├ardú▀_______________________________________Exp.Date▀_____/_______ ╙ignature▀_______________________________Date▀_____/______/______ αPrice╙ubject⌠o├hange≈ithoutεotice.├all508-794-9377µor∞atest╔nfo.` Mail╧rder⌠o:TRIUS,╔nc.,╨O┬OX▓49,╬.Andover,═A01845-0249 !Distributors%Foreign%Resellers R┼╙┼╠╠┼╥╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ AS-EASY-ASΘs≡ublished∞ocallyΘnßεumber∩fπountriesßndΘsΣistributed by∞ocal≥epresentativesΘnσvenφore.ForΘnformation∩nΣistributorsΘn otherπountries≡leaseπontact: `TRIUS,╔nc.Tel.╡08-794-9377` `P.O.┬ox▓49Fax.╡08-688-6312` `N.Andover,═A01845-0249BBS.╡08-794-0762` `U.S.A.CIS.╖1333,103█PCVENF,╙ection▒6]` `FIDO.▒:324/413` `Internet.╖133.103@compuserve.com` !Arrays%Matrix%Inversion%Transpose A╥╥┴┘(M┴╘╥╔╪)O╨┼╥┴╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Note⌠hatφatrix┴ddßnd╙ubtract∩peration≥esultsßreπontrolledΓy⌠he size∩f⌠heµirstφatrix≤pecifiedµor⌠he∩peration¿seeΓelow).Inσach matrix∩peration,∙oußreßsked⌠o≤pecify⌠heµirst¿A)φatrix,⌠he≤econd (B)φatrixßnd⌠he⌠op∞eftπorner∩f⌠he∩utputφatrix¿C)≥ange.The∩nly exceptionΘs⌠he┼quation╙olver∩ption≈here∩nly∩neΘnputφatrix≥angeΘs required. Please,εote⌠hat⌠he∩utputφatrix≈ill∩verwriteßnyΘnformation⌠hat existsΘn⌠he≤pecified≥ange. In⌠heεotationΓelow,αi`≥efers⌠o⌠heεumber∩f≥owsΘn⌠heφatrixßndΩ refers⌠o⌠heεumber∩fπolumns.Note⌠hatµor≤ome∩perations,⌠heεumber of≥owsßndπolumns╚AVE⌠oΓe⌠he≤ame! `ADDITION:`A[i,j]½┬[k,l]╜├[i,j] `SUBTRACTION:`A[i,j]¡┬[k,l]╜├[i,j] `MULTIPLICATION:`A[i,j]°┬[j,k]╜├[i,k]. `TRANSPOSITION:`A[i,j]¡->┴[j,i] `INVERSION:`A[i,i]¡>┬[i,i]≤o⌠hatAxB=I `DETERMINANT:`Calculate─eterminant∩fφatrix `EQUATION╙OLVER:`Note⌠hat⌠heπonstants÷ectorεeeds⌠oΓe≡laced immediately⌠o⌠he≥ight∩f⌠heπoefficientφatrixΓefore selecting⌠hisπommand.Then,⌠heΓlock∩fΣata `including`⌠heπonstants÷ectorεeeds⌠oΓeΦighlighted. !Passwords P┴╙╙╫╧╥─O╨╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Version╡.7∩f┴S-EASY-ASßnd∞ater≡rovide⌠wo⌠ypes∩f≡asswaord protectionµor∙ourΣata. FILE╨ASSWORD: When≤avingß≈orksheetµile,Θf∙ouµollwo⌠heµileεame≈ithß≤pace and⌠he∞etterº`p`',⌠hen∙oußre≡rompted⌠o≤pecifyß≡assword. Youφayσnter⌡p⌠o▓0πharacters¿alphanumeric).Once⌠heµileΘs saved,Θt├ANNOTΓe≥etrieved⌡nless∙ouδnow⌠he≡assword. TEMPLATE╨ROTECTION: The╙heet,╟lobal,╨rotection,╨asswordπommand≡rompts⌠he⌡serµorß password.Youφayσnter⌡p⌠o▓0πharacters¿alphanumeric).Once⌠he passwordΘsσntered,≡rotectionΘs⌠urned╧Nßnd⌠he╥ange,╠ockφenu commandΘsΣisabled.The∩nly≈ay⌠o⌡nlockπellsßndφodify⌠hem wouldΓe⌠oΘnvoke⌠he╙heet,╟lobal,╨rotection,─isableπommandßnd enter⌠he≡assword. `Important:`╒pperßnd∞owerπaseπharactersßre╬OTconsidered⌠he sameΘnß≤pecified≡assword.`Test`ßndαTEST`ßre⌠wo different≡asswords. !Columns%Width (Coln)%Erase (Coln)%Insert (Coln) C╧╠╒═╬O╨┼╥┴╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ A.╙ettingαIndividual`├olumn╫idths: (1)Press»SCSnn[ENTER],∩r (2)Press»SCSßnd⌡seßrrowδeys⌠o≤hrink/expandπolumn≈idth,∩r (3)Locateφouse≡ointer∩nπolumn∞etter,Σepress⌠he∞eftΓuttonßnd move⌠heφouse≈hileΦolding⌠heΓuttonΣown.Letτo∩f⌠heφouse button≈hen⌠heΣesiredπolumn≈idthΘsßttained. B.╙ettingαGlobal`├olumn╫idth¿widthµor┴LLπolumns) Press/SCGnn[ENTER] (It∩nlyßffectsπolumn≈idths⌠hatΦaveεotΓeen≤etΘndividually). Note⌠hatεn,ßbove,φayΓe≥eplacedΓyßµormula≈hichπanΓeσvaluated using⌠he╞9¿Calc)δeyΓefore█ENTER]Θs≡ressed. C.╙ettingπolumn≈idthsµorßαrange∩fπolumns`: Press:»SCArange[ENTER]nn[ENTER] This∩ptionßlsoτives∙ou⌠he∩pportunity⌠o≤etß≤kipµactor,Θ.e., set⌠he≈idth∩fσvery∩therπolumn,σvery⌠hirdπolumn,σtc. D.αDeleting`├olumns: Press:»SDCrange[ENTER] E.αInserting`├olumns: Press:/SICrange[ENTER] Note:ºrange',Θn─ßnd┼ßbove,Θsßny÷alid≥ange;ΘtπanΓe⌠ypedΘn orΦighlighted⌡sing⌠heßrrowδeysßnd⌠he≡ointingφethod. !dbf Import%dBase I═╨╧╥╘╔╬╟d┬┴╙┼F╔╠┼╙(.DBF) ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ The»File,╔mportπommandφayΓe⌡sed⌠oΘmport╘extΓased¿ASCII)ßndΣBASE filesΘntoßn┴S-EASY-AS≈orksheet,∩r⌠oΘmport⌠heπurrentΣirectory (file)∞isting.Also,≤eeαText╔mport`. dBASE╧ption: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ManyΣifferent≈ays∩fßccessing⌠heΘnformationΘnßΣBASE¿.DBF)µile from≈ithin⌠he┴S-EASY-AS≡rogram.YouφayΓrowseßΣatabase,Θmportß range∩f≥ecords,∩rΘmport≥ecords⌠hatφeetπertain⌡ser≤pecified criteria. Importingß≥ange∩f≥ecordsΘsßchievedΓyφarking⌠heΣesiredΓlock (Press╞4⌠o≤tartφarking,╞6⌠oφark⌠heσnd∩f⌠heΓlockßndΘmport) whileΓrowsing⌠heµile. Importing≥ecords⌠hatφeetπertainπriteriaΘsßchievedΓy≤electing∩ne of⌠heµieldsßnd⌠hen≤electingßπriterionµrom⌠he∩nes≡resented∩n the≤creen. Eachµield∩f⌠he≥ecordsΘn⌠heΣBASEµileΘs≡lacedΘnßπolumn∩f⌠he worksheet.Theπolumn≈idthsßreßdjusted⌠o≥eflect⌠heµield≤izeΘn theΣBASEµileΓeingΘmported,ßnd⌠heµormat∩f⌠hΣBASEµieldsΘs carried⌠o⌠he┴S-EASY-ASπolumns. !Functions(Ext) E╪╘┼╥╬┴╠F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ExternalµunctionsßreΣefinedΘnß≡lain┴SCIIΣataµile,┴SEASY.USR.The structure∩f⌠heµileΘs≤impleßndΘtµollows⌠hese≥ules. (1)EachµunctionΣefinitionΘsφade⌡p∩f╘WO∞ines: 1st╠ine:╞unction╬ame,╬umber∩f╓ariables 2nd╠ine:┴lgebraic┼xpression-No≤tring╞unctions! Theσxpressionπan⌡seßny∩f⌠he┴S-EASY-ASΓuilt-inµunctions.The dynamicßrguments∩f⌠heσxternalµunctionßre≥eferred⌠o,Θn⌠he definition,ßs└A(n),≈hereεΘsßnΘnteger▒⌠o▒0. ex.1st∞ine:ADD2NUM,2 2nd∞ine:+@A(1)+@A(2) Thisµunctionßdds⌠he⌠wo÷ariables≡assed⌠oΘt.╔fΘnπell┬10∩f┴S- EASY-AS,⌠he⌡serσntered└ADD2NUM(2,4)⌠he≥esult≈ouldΓe╢. (2)╘heφaximumεumber∩fµunctions⌠hatπanΓeΣefinedΘs▓55. (3)╘heφaximum╬umber∩fΣynamic╓ariables⌠hatφayΓe⌡sedΘnßµunction definitionΘs:▒0,Θ.e.,ß(1),ß(2),...a(10). (4)├ell≥eferences═AY╬OTΓe⌡sedΘn⌠heµunctionΣefinition. (5)┴ny≤tring⌠o⌠he≥ight∩fß≤emicolonó;"ΘsΘgnored.This≡ermits⌠he user⌠oσmbedπommentsßndµunctionΣocumentationΘnformationΣirectly in⌠hisµunctionΣefinitionµile. Example╞unction─efinition a)1st∞ine:ADD1,3 2nd∞ine:+@a(1)*10+@a(2)*10+@a(3)*10 Function┴DD1φultipliesσach∩f⌠he│ßrgument≡assedΓy⌠he⌡ser by▒0ßnd≤ums⌡p⌠he⌠hree≡roducts.NoΘnternal┴S-EASY-AS functionsßre⌡sedΘn⌠hisµunctionΣefinition. (6)╧nceßnσxternalµunctionΘs⌡sedΘnß≈orksheet,Θts⌠okenizedµorm is≤aved≈ith⌠he≈orksheet,Θ.e.⌠he┴SEASY.USRµileΘn╬OTεeeded for⌠hat≈orksheetµunctionßny∞onger.Note,Φowever,⌠hatΓecause of⌠hat,ßnyφodifications⌠o╘HATµunctionΘn⌠he┴SEASY.USRµileßre ignored≈hen⌠he≈orksheetΘs∞osded.The∩nly≈ay⌠oπhange⌠he tokenizedΣefinition≈ouldΓe⌠o⌡se⌠he»Range,╒ser,╥esetπommand toΣelete⌠heΣefinitionsµrom⌠he≈orksheetßnd⌠hen≤aveßnd reload⌠he≈orksheet≈ithΦopefullyßπorrected/updated┴SEASY.USR file. !Text Import ╔═╨╧╥╘╔╬╟T┼╪╘ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ The»File,╔mportπommandφayΓe⌡sed⌠oΘmport╘extΓased¿ASCII)ßndΣBASE filesΘntoßn┴S-EASY-AS≈orksheet,∩r⌠oΘmport⌠heπurrentΣirectory (file)∞isting.Also,≤eeαDbase╔mport`. Text∩r╓alue╧ption: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If⌠he╓alues∩r╘ext∩ptionßre≤elected,⌠hen┴S-EASY-ASßssumes⌠hatßn ASCIIµileΘsΓeingΘmported.If∙ouΣesire⌠oΘmportßµileπreatedµrom your≈ord≡rocessor,≡leaseφake≤ure⌠hat∙our≈ord≡rocessor≡rogramπan create≤imple,┴SCII¿text)µiles. If⌠he╘ext∩ptionΘs≤elected,αEACH╠INEΘn⌠heΘmportedµileΓecomesß` `STRINGΘn⌠heπurrentπolumn∩f⌠he≈orksheet`.StringsΘmported⌠his≈ay, can⌠henΓe≡arsedΘnto⌠extßnd÷alues⌡sing⌠he─ata,╨arseπommand¿See ParsingµorµormatßndΣelimiterΣetails). If⌠he╓alue∩ptionΘs≤elected,⌠hen≡arsingαautomatically`⌠akes≡lace during⌠heΘmporting≡rocess.(See╨arsingµorµormatßndΣelimiter details). Example: ~~~~~~~~ Text╞ileπontains⌠heµollowing⌠wo∞ines: This≤entenceπontains╡≈ords 123ßnd▒.23E+01ßre⌠he≤ameεumber WhenΘmportedΘntoß≈orksheet,⌠heΣataΘsßrrangedßs≤hownΓelow: A.╞ile,╔mport,╘ext¿Without╨arsing). ---------------------------------------- ┌........A/........B/........C/..........D/.........E/......... 1 │This≤entenceπontains╡≈ords 2 │123ßnd▒.23E+01ßre⌠he≤ame 3 │ 4 │ Note⌠hatßlthough⌠heΣata≤eems⌠o≤panµourπolumns¿A-D),σach∞ineΘs actuallyßnσntryΘnπolumn┴. B.╞ile,╔mport,╓alue¿or╘extµollowedΓy╨arsing). ----------------------------------------------------- ┌........A/........B/........C/..........D/.........E/......... 1 │Thissentencecontains5words 2 │123and123are thesame 3 │ 4 │ !Import(Ruler) I═╨╧╥╘╔╬╟W╔╘╚AR╒╠┼╥ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ASCIIµilesφayΓeΘmportedßnd≡arsedßccording⌠oß⌡ser-specified format¿ruler)≤tring.Theµormat≤tring,πontainedΘnß≤ingleπell, is∩f⌠heµorm: Xn,X,m,Xj,... whereε,m,jΘs⌠heεumber∩fπharacters⌠oΓe⌡sedµorσachµormat⌠ypeßnd╪ is⌠he⌠ype∩fµormatΣesired.XΘs∩ne∩f⌠heµollowing: L¡╠eftΩustified∞able R¡╥ightΩustified∞abel C¡├enterΩustified∞abel N¡╬umeric÷alue S¡╙kipεumber∩fπharacters≤pecified B¡┬lank,πharactersßreΘgnoredΓutπolumn≡ointerΘs≤hifted∩ne position⌠o⌠he≥ight !Format%Appearance F╧╥═┴╘╘╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Note⌠hatΘfßπellΦasΓeenµormatted,ßµormat≤tatusΘndicatorΘs displayedΘn⌠he≡anelßrea.`Formatting∩nlyßffects⌠heßppearance∩fß` `cell,εot⌠heßctualπontents∩f⌠heπell`.Aπellπontaining╡.2φayΓe formatted⌠oΣisplay╡.¿ifµormattedßs╞ixed≈ith∩neΣecimal),Γut⌠he value╡.2≈illΓe⌡sedΘnßnyπalculationsΘnvolving⌠hatπell. Example Display TypeFormatStatus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fixed123.12 [F2]-╞ixed,▓Σecimals Science1.245E+8 [S3]-╙cience,│Σecimals ,1,500.0 [,1]-├omma,▒Σecimal Currency$523.52 [C2]-├urrency,▓Σecimals Percent34% [%0]-╨ercent,εoΣecimals General[G]-╬one Text+A1+B2 [T]-╘ext +/-+++++ [+/-]¡╟raphical Date20═ay,87 [D1]-─ate,╘ype▒ HideNo─isplay[H] Engineering-------- [bn]-┼ngineering Box-------- [X]-┬ox Label-------- [L]-╠abel╞ormat User-------- [dn]-╒ser╙pecified Bkgnd-------- [Bn]-┬ackgroundπolor Map-------- [M]-├olorΓased∩n╓alue Reset-------- Return⌠o╟eneral╞ormat !F1-Key%Help%Pick List ╞1-F╒╬├╘╔╧╬K┼┘ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ [F1]A.╔n⌠he≥eadyφodeΘtΘnvokes⌠he┴S-EASY-AS╚elpµacility¿that's how∙ouτotΦereΘn⌠heµirst≡lace). B.╔mmediatelyµollowingß∞eftπurlyΓracket,ΘtΓrings⌡pß∞ist∩f allßvailableφacroπommandsΘn┴SEASY.Simplyφove⌠heπursor⌠o theΣesiredφacroßnd≡ress█ENTER]⌠o≤electΘt.ThφacroΘs placedΘn⌠heπontrol≡anelßreaßsΘf∙ouΦad⌠ypedΘtΘn. C.┴fterßn∩peratorΦasΓeenσntered¿+,-,*,....),ΘtΓrings⌡pß list∩fßllεamed≥angesΘn⌠heπurrent≈orksheet¿ifßny≥anges haveΓeenεamed).SimplyΦighlight⌠heΣesiredεamed≥angeßnd press█ENTER]⌠oΘnsertΘtßt⌠heπurrentπursor∞ocationΘn⌠he formula∙oußre⌠yping. D.┴fter⌠he└δeyΦasΓeenσntered,ΘtΓrings⌡pß∞ist∩fßll functionεames¿and⌠heεumber∩fßrguments⌠hey≥equire).Simply highlight⌠heΣesiredµunctionßnd≡ress█ENTER]⌠oΘnsertΘtßt theπurrentπursor∞ocationΘn⌠heµormula∙oußre⌠yping. E.┴fterßΓackslashΦasΓeenσntered,ΘtΓrings⌡pß∞ist≈ithßll the≡rinter≤etupπodesπontainedΘn⌠heσxternalµile┴SEASY.PRT. !F2-Key%Edit Key F2-E─╔╘F╒╬├╘╔╧╬K┼┘ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ [F2]-EDIT Places⌠heπontents∩f⌠heπell⌠heπursorΘsπurrently∩n,Θn⌠he panelßreaßndΘnvokes⌠heσditφode.Arrow,─el,╔ns,╚omeßnd┼nd keysßreßctive.Press█ENTER]⌠oßcceptßnyπhangesßnd≥eturn⌠o the≥eadyφode.Alternatively,≡ress╒p,∩r─ownßrrow⌠oßccept⌠he changesßndφove⌠o⌠heπellßbove,∩rΓelow. !F3-Key%Macro Key F3-M┴├╥╧K┼┘ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ [F3]¡═ACRO/Control├odes A.┘oußre≡romptedµorßεamedφacro⌠oσxecute.Either⌠ype⌠he name¿orßπellßddress),∩rΦit┼SC⌠oΣisplayß∞ist∩fßll rangeεamesßvailable.Select⌠he∩neπorresponding⌠o⌠heφacro you≈ant⌠oσxecuteßnd≡ress█ENTER]. B.╫hileΘn⌠he┼ditφode█F2],∩r≈hile∙oußre⌠ypingß∞abel entry,≡ressing╞3≡laces∙ouΘn⌠he├ontrol-Code-Bypassφode whichßllows∙ou⌠oσnter≡rinterπontrolπodes¿lower⌠han░32 ASCII)⌡sing⌠he┴lt-Numericδeypadπombination.For┼xample,⌠he followingδey≤equence, Sample╞3┴lt-015╙mall╞3┴lt-018≡rint, will≥esultΘn⌠he≈ordºSmall'≡rintedΘnπondensedφode¿onßn EPSONπompatible≡rinter),≤inceΘtsΘs≡recededΓy⌠he 'condensed'πontrolπode,░15. !F4-Key%Absolute Key F5-F╒╬├╘╔╧╬K┼┘╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ [F4]¡┴BSOLUTE┴DDRESS If∙oußreσnteringßµormula⌡sing⌠he≡ointingφode,Θ.e.,φoving to⌠heßppropriateπells⌡sing⌠heßrrowδeys,≥ather⌠han⌠yping⌠he cellßddress,⌠hen≡ressing╞4≈illφake⌠he∞astπell≥eference absolute.╥epeatedly≡ressing╞4≈illπycle⌠hroughφakingπolumn, rowßndΓothπoordinatesΓeingßbsolute.Youπan⌠ell≈hether⌠he column,≥ow,∩rΓothßreßbsoluteΓy⌠heΣollar≤ign≡receding either⌠heπolumn∞etter,∩r⌠he≥owεumber. Note:╞4Θs∩nlyßctiveΘf∙oußreΘn⌠he≡ointingφodeßndΘf⌠he lastπharacter⌠ypedΘsßn∩perator,Θ.e.,ΘtΘsεotßctiveΘf∙ou areΘn⌠heσditφodeßnd∙ourπursorΘsΘn⌠heφiddle∩f⌠heπell contents. !F5-Key%GOTO Key F5-G╧T╧KEY ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ [F5]¡╟OTO Youßre≡romptedµorßΣestinationπell.Youπanσither⌠ype⌠he cell∩r≥angeεame∙ou≈ant⌠oτo⌠o,∩r≡ress┼SC⌠oΓe≡resented withß≈indowπontainingßll⌠he≥angeεamesΘn⌠he≈orksheet. Select⌠he≥angeεame∙ou≈antßnd≡ress█ENTER]. !F6-F10 Keys%Window Key%View Key%Calc Key%Graph Key F6/F7/F9/F10-F╒╬├╘╔╧╬K┼┘╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ [F6]¡╫INDOW If⌠wo≈indows¿horizontal∩r÷ertical)ßreπurrently∩pen╞6⌠oggles theπursorΓetween⌠hem.If∩nly∩ne≈indowΘs∩pen,≡ressing╞6 toggles⌠heπursorΓetween⌠heπurrentßnd∞astπursorπell∞ocation. [F7]¡╓IEW NoσffectΘf∩nly∩ne÷iewΘs∩pen.Ifφore÷iewsßre∩pen,≡ressing F7πycles⌠hroughßll⌠he∩pen÷iews∩neßtß⌠ime. [F9]¡├ALC Re-calculatesßllπells⌠hatπontainµormulas.IfΘn⌠heσditφode, pressing╞9≥eplaces⌠heµormula⌠hatΘsΣisplayedΘn⌠he≡anelßrea withΘtsπalculated÷alue, e.g.type23*11≡ress╞9ßnd⌠he≡anelΣisplays▓53 [F10]¡╟RAPH Re-displays⌠heπurrentτraph.ThisµunctionδeyΘs⌡sefulµor viewingτraphs≈hile≡erforming≈hat-ifßnalyses.╒sing╞10∙ouΣo notΦave⌠oτo⌠hrough⌠he»GVßnd⌠hen╤uit≤equenceσvery⌠ime∙ou change⌠he÷alues∩f⌠heΣefined╪ßnd┘≥anges. !General%Options%DOS Line%Startup ╟┼╘╘╔╬╟S╘┴╥╘┼─ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Many∩f⌠he∩ptions,ßvailableΘn⌠he≡rogram,πanΓeΘnvoked≈hen≤tarting the≡rogram.Desired∩ptionsφayßlsoΓe≤aved≈ith⌠he┴S-EASY-AS configurationµile¿/User,╔nstall,├mdStr). To⌡se∩ne,∩rφore,∩f⌠heseπommand∞ine∩ptions,≈hen∙ou≤tart⌠he program,⌡se⌠he⌠heµorm: ASEASY»Switch1/Switch2/...█ENTER] /4-╒se⌠his∩ptionΘf∙ou≈ant⌠o≥etrieve≈orksheets created≈ith÷ersion┤.0∩f┴S-EASY-AS,ßnd·eroes in⌠he∩riginalµilesßre≥etrievedßsεon-zero values. /P-╒seßlternateφenuµile¿ASEASY.MN2)≈hich≡rovides commandπompatibility≈ith÷ersion┤.00∩f┴S-EASY-AS. Note⌠hat⌠heµile┴SEASY.MN2≤houldΓe≡resentΘn⌠he AS-EASY-ASΣirectory. /ATT-┼nables┴TTΣisplayτraphics¿modeñ48) /ATT2-┼nables┴TTΣisplayτraphics¿modeñ40)¿Some╘oshiba Laptops⌡se┴TT⌠ypeΣisplays,Θnφodeñ40) /AUTO=FileSpec¡╙pecify⌠he≈orksheet⌠oΓe∞oadedßutomatically≈hen the≡rogramΘs≤tarted.Although⌠hisπommand∞ine switchΘsßctive⌠o≡rovideπompatibility≈ith processes≈rittenµor∩lder÷ersions∩f⌠he≡rogram, starting≈ith÷5.70,ßll∙ouεeedΘs⌠o≤pecify⌠he filenameßndσxtension≈hen∙ou≤tart┴S-EASY-AS, i.e.,⌠hereΘsεoεeed⌠oΘnclude⌠he»AUTO=≡art. /BM-┬ypass═onoΣetection.For≤ome≤ystems≈ith═ono╓GA or┼GAφonitors≈here⌠heΦardwareΘs≤et⌠o═ono. /BK=x-╙et≤creenΓlank-out≡eriod⌠o°≤econds.DefaultΘs is│00≤econds¿5φin)./BK=0Σisables≤creenΓlanking. /CTR-├enter⌠heπolumn╔Dπharacters /CFG=FileName¡╙pecify⌠heπonfigurationµile⌠oΓe⌡sed≈hen⌠he programΘs≤tarted. /DIR=Path-╙et⌠he╨ath⌠o⌠he╫KSµiles.ThisΘs⌠heΣriveßnd directory⌠hat≈illΓe⌡sedµor╞ile╥etrieveßnd≤ave operations,⌡ntilπhangedµrom≈ithin⌠he≡rogram. /DW-╚ighlights⌡nrpotectedπells≈eather⌠he≈orksheet protectionΘsσnabled∩n∩r∩n.Without⌠his option,Φighlighting∩ccurs∩nly≈hen≈orksheet protectionΘs╧N. /E-┼nablesτraphicsµor┼GA≥esolution,Θf≤upportedΓy yourΦardware.Note⌠hat⌠hisΣoesεotΘnvoke⌠he graphicsφode.ThisΘs⌠heφode⌠hat≈ouldΓe⌡sed≈hen aτraphΘs÷iewed. /EM-┼nablesτraphicsµor═onochrome┼GA≥esolution. /EV-┼nablesτraphicsµor╓GA≥esolution,Θf≤upportedΓy yourΦardware.Note⌠hat⌠hisΣoesεotΘnvoke⌠he graphicsφode.ThisΘs⌠heφode⌠hat≈ouldΓe⌡sed≈hen aτraphΘs÷iewed. /EVM-┼nablesτraphicsµor═onochrome╓GA≥esolution. /H-┼nablesτraphicsµorß╚ercules,∩rπompatible,φonitor andßdapterπombination,µirst÷ideo≡age. /H2-┼nablesτraphicsµorß╚ercules,∩rπompatible,φonitor andßdapterπombination,≤econd÷ideo≡age. /MONO-─isplaysßllπolorsΘn≤hades∩fΓlackßnd≈hite. Usefulµorφonochromeφonitors¿e.g.,╠CD)⌠hatΣoεot mapßllπolorsΘnß÷isibleφanner. /MS=nn-╙ets⌠heφickey≤peed¿theφouse≥esponsiveness)⌠o nn.Tha≥engeΘs▓¡40with▓Γeing⌠heφost sensitive≤etting. /NE-─O╬OT⌡se┼MSσvenΘf≤omeΘsΣetected.ByΣefault, the≡rogram⌡sesßll┼MSΘtΣetects,⌡p⌠o╕═b. /NR-╞orces╬o╥ecalculation¿manual≥ecalculation)φode andΣisables∞inking∩fπells≈henß≈orksheetΘs loaded.ResultsΘn≤ignificantlyΣecreased⌠imeΘn loadingπomplex≈orksheets. /NT-╬o╘urbo╦eyboard,¿SlowΣown├ursor).ThisΘs⌡seful with≤ome≤ystems⌠hatΣoεotΦandle⌠he┴S-EASY-ASφod to⌠heδeyboard⌠ypematic≥ate≈ell. /NW-├hangeΓoundary÷aluesµor─ata,┬in∩perations. When⌠hisπommand∞ine≤witchΘs⌡sed,⌠heπriterion forßssigningß╓alue⌠oßΓinΘs: LIMIT1«LT.╓ALUE«LE.╠IMIT2 /Q-╤uick≤creen⌡pdatingµor├GA÷ideoßdapters.Useful with∩lder├GA÷ideoπards. /RA-╥ound┴bsolute.Normallyßll≥oundingΘsΣoneΘn∩ne direction.Using⌠hisπommandΓases⌠he≥ounding∩n theßbsolute÷alue.(e.g.▒.6⌠o▓.,¡1.6⌠o¡2.) /SV=$nnn¡╔nvoke╓ESAφodeεnnµorτraphics.Note⌠hat≤ince it's≡recededΓyñ,⌠heεnnΘs⌠heΦex╓ESAφode. /UK-╔nvokes⌠he╒Kπurrency,Σates,σtc.φode. /VI-╥educes⌠heΓuffer≤izeµor÷irtualφemory╔/O.If virtualφemoryΘs⌡sed,⌠his∩ption≈illφakeφore conventionalφemoryßvailable⌠o┴S-EASY-AS≈ithß small≡enaltyΘn╔/O≤peed. /VM=nnn-╓irtual═emory.Use⌠heΦardΣisk¿orΣiskette)⌠o simulate┼xpandedφemory,nnn-Pages,σach≡ageσqual⌠o 8╦.Although≤lower⌠hat┼MS,╓irtual═emory≈ill allow⌠he⌡ser⌠o∞oad∞arge≈orksheets. /VP=Path¡╙et╨ath¿diskΣriveßndΣirectory)≈here⌠he⌠emporary file⌡sedµor÷irtual═emory≈illΓeπreated. /V1-╞orce⌠he├GA÷ideoφode≥egardless∩f⌠he÷ideo capabilitiesΣetectedΓy⌠he≡rogram.This∩ptionΘs operable∩n≤ystems≈ith┼GA/VGAπapabilities⌠hatπan also≥unΘn├GAφode /XM=nnn-╒se∩nlyεnn≡ages∩f┼MSσvenΘfφoreΘsΣetected on⌠he≤ystem¿each≡ageΘs▒6Kφinus≤ome∩verhead for≡ageφanagement).RangeΘs│-500≡ages. /WIN-╒sed≈hen╥unning┴S-EASY-AS⌡nder╫indows¿at∞east earlier╫indows÷ersions),⌠o∩vercome≡roblems∩f switching⌠oτraphicsφodeµor⌠he∩pening≤creen. !Basics%Menus B┴╙╔├╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ A.╘heφenuingßctionΘn┴S-EASY-ASΘsΘnitiatedΓy≡ressing⌠he≤lash█/] key.¿ThisΣefaultδeyφayΓeπhanged⌡sing⌠he╒ser,╔nstall,╨unctuate command). B.╘oσxit⌠he≡rogram,≡ress⌠he≤lashδey█/]ßnd⌠hen≤elect┼xit,┘es. Please,φake≤ure⌠o≤ave∙ourΣataΓeforeσxiting. C.╘oΓack⌡pµromßnyφenu,∩r∩therπommand,≡ress⌠he█ESC]δey. D.╟raphsπanΓe≡rinted⌠oß╨IC∩r╨CXµile,ß─ot═atrix,╠aser,∩rß Postscript≡rinterΓyßccessing⌠he╟raph≤ub-menu. E.╨rinterΣriversßre≤elected⌡sing⌠he╒ser,╔nstall,╨rinterπommand. Remember⌠o╙ave⌠heπonfigurationµileΘf∙ou≈ant⌠he≤elected≡rinter toΓe⌠heΣefaultεext⌠ime∙ou⌡se⌠he≡rogram¿/User,╔nstall, SaveConfigπommand) !Goalseek G╧┴╠╙┼┼╦ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Finds⌠heΘnputεecessary⌠o≡roduceßΣesiredßnswer.Normally,OutputΘs aπellπontainingßµormula,ßnd╔nputΘsßπell⌠o≈hich⌠heµormulaΘs referring.The≤teps≥equired⌠o⌡se╟oalseekingßre: 1.╙pecify╔nput├ell 2.╙pecify╧utput├ell 3.╙pecify─esired╧utput╓alue 4.╙pecify╘oleranceµorΘterative≡rocess Example:Considerß⌠ypicalßmortization≡roblem∩fΓorrowing▒0,000ßt▒2% for▓∙ears: «........A/.......B/.......C/.......D/.......E/ 1 │ 2 │(Input)(Output) 3 │15,0001.000%24706.10 4 │ │ │ │ │ │ │#of╨ayments │ Loan┴mount │Payment┴mount │@PMT(A3,B3,C3) Monthly╔nterest╥ate(12%≡er∙r) Now,∞et⌡s≤eekßndµind⌠heφonthlyΘnterest≥ate⌠hat≈ould≡ermit borrowing⌠he▒5,000µor▓∙earsΘf⌠heφaximum≡ayment⌠hatπanΓeßfforded perφonthΘsñ650.00.(Tolerance╜░.001). /dgiB3[ENTER]oE3[ENTER]d650[ENTER]0.001[ENTER] The≥esultsßreΣisplayedΓelow: «........A/.......B/.......C/.......D/.......E/ 1 │ 2 │(Input)(Output) 3 │15,0000.32%24650.00 │ Desired╙olution !Graphs 3D%3D Graphics 3-DG╥┴╨╚╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ The│D╟raphicsπapabilities∩f┴S-EASY-ASßreΘnvokedΓy≤imply selecting╟raphics,│D-Graph.A│D-Graph≥angeΘsΣefinedßsß≤ingle rectangularΓlock∩fπells. Most∩f⌠he∩ptionsΘn⌠he│D-Graph≤ub-menusßre≤imilar⌠o⌠hoseΘn the╟raphics≤ub-menuswithσxception∩f⌠he⌠ypes≈hichßreΣifferentΓy definition. Once⌠he≥angeΘsΣefinedßnd≈hile⌠he│Dτraphßppears∩n⌠he≤creen,ß number∩f∩ptionsßreßvailable,Γy≤imply≡ressing╔.The∩ptions include┘awßnd╥ol,╘iltßnd╙cale,σtc.ßnd⌠heyßreßctivatedΓy⌠he keysΘndicatedßt⌠heΓottom∩f⌠he≤creenßfter╔Θs≡ressed. !Graphs G╥┴╨╚╙--G┼╬┼╥┴╠¿2D) ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ A.╘heΓasic≤teps⌠oµollowΘnΣefiningßτraphßre: [Note⌠hat▒)ßnd▓)Γelowßre┴BSOLUTELYεecessary!] 1)Define⌠he╪-Range 2)Define∩ne∩rφore┘-ranges¿A⌠hrough╞) 3)Selectß╟raph⌠ype 4)Specify⌠heµormat∩f⌠he╪ßnd┘ßxes 5)Specify⌠he╟raph,╪-axisßnd┘-axis⌠itles 6)Customize╞onts,╠abels,╠ine⌠ypes,σtc. 7)Finally,╓iew∩r╨rint⌠heτraph. B.╬ote⌠hat┬AR,╠INE,╨IE,╙TACKED,╚LOC,┴REA,╙TRIPßnd╫ALL⌠ypeτraphs areεon-functional⌠ypes.All°÷aluesßre⌠reatedßs∞abelsßnd plottedΘn⌠he∩rder⌠hey∩ccurΘn⌠he╪-range¿one-to-oneπorrespondence is≥equired). C.╪-Y,├UME,╥ADAR,─ELTAßnd╨OLAR⌠ypeτraphsßre⌠rueµunctionalτraphs. All╪÷aluesßre⌠reatedßs÷alues.Y-valuesßre≡lottedßsµunctionals, assumingπontinuousµunctional≥elationshipΓetweenσach╪ßnd┘÷alue. D.╘oτenerateßnσxploding≡ieπhartσnter⌠heεumber∩f≡ixels⌠hat∙ou wantß≡ie≤lice≥emovedµrom⌠he≥est∩f⌠he≡ieΘn⌠heπolumnßdjacent to⌠he┴-Rangeπolumn.Remember⌠hatß≡ieπhartπan∩nlyΦave∩ne┘- range.Ifφore⌠han∩ne┘-rangesßreΣefined,⌠hen╧NLY⌠he┴-rangeΘs usedΘnτenerating⌠he≡ieπhartßnd┬Θs⌠heσxplode≥ange. X-RangeA-RangeB-Range ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6.21123.0 7.1 87.835Separate⌠his≤liceΓy 8.4 31.035≡ixels. 9.5115.8 E.╘he╙PLIT∩ption╙hows⌠woτraphs∩n⌠he≤ame≤creen.╘heµirstτraphΘs theτraphπurrentlyΣefinedßnd⌠he≤econdΘsßεamedτraph.╬ote⌠hat thisτraphΘsµorΣisplay≡urposes∩nly.Split≤creenτraphsφayεotΓe printedßs≤uch. F.╘he═ERGE∩ption≤hows⌠woτraphs≤uperimposed∩n⌠he≤ame≤creen.The left÷erticalßxisΣisplays⌠he≤caleµor⌠heπurrentτraph,≈hile⌠he right÷erticalßxisΣisplays⌠he≤caleµor⌠heεamedτraphΓeingφerged. Note:ToΣisable⌠heφerge/splitµeatures,≤elect /Graphics,╬ame,╥eset. !Options%Configure%Colors%Panels C╧╬╞╔╟╒╥┴╘╔╧╬O╨╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Theseπonfiguration∩ptionsßreßvailable⌡nder⌠he»User,╔nstallπommand. A.├OLORS: Set⌠heπolorsµor╘ext,═enu,σtc.Move⌠heπolorπursor¿specifiedΓy theπharactersºAB')⌠o⌠heΣesiredπolorπombinationßnd≡ress█ENTER] toßccept.Alternatively,∙ouφay≤implyσnter⌠heεumber∩f⌠heπolor youΣesire. B.─IMENSION:│D-Simulation∩ption¿see│D-Panels⌠opic). C.╓IDEO: Select⌠he÷ideo⌠ypesΣesired,ßnd≤upportedΓy∙ourΦardware.NOTE: The╪-Type≤election≥equires⌠hat⌠he⌡serΘsµamiliar≈ith╓GA≥egister settings.Please,πonsult∙our╓GAßdapterπardßndφonitorφanual beforeßttempting⌠o≤et⌠hisφode. D.╨RINTER: Select⌠he≡rinterπonnected⌠o∙ourπomputer.If∙ouπannotµind⌠he appropriate≡rinter≤election,⌠hen⌠ry∩ne∩f⌠heµollowing: EPSON╞X-80Θf∙our≡rinterΘs╣-pin─ot═atrix EPSON╠Q-1000Θf∙our≡rinterΘs▓4-pin─ot═atrix HP╠aserjetΘf∙ouΦaveß∞aserjet≡rinter Chancesßre⌠hat∙our≡rinterΘs÷eryπompatible≈ith∩ne∩f⌠hese genericΣeviceΣrivers. Note⌠hatΓefore∙ouπan≤end∩utput⌠o∙our≡rinter,∙oußlsoεeed⌠o make≤ure⌠hat⌠he─EVICE≤electionΘsπorrect.Doεotµorget⌠hatφany printersφayΓeπonfiguredßsσither≡arallel∩r≤erialΣevices.Check toφake≤ure⌠he≤electionΘnΘnstallßnd∙ourΦardware≤etupßgree! !Keys%Navigating%Arrow Keys M╧╓╔╬╟A╥╧╒╬─ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Up:═ove⌡p∩ne≥ow Down:═oveΣown∩ne≥ow Left:═ove∞eft∩neπolumn Right:═ove≥ight∩neπolumn Home:═ove⌠oπell┴1 Pgdn:═oveΣown▓0≥ows Pgup:═ove⌡p▓0≥ows TAB:═ove≥ight∩ne≡age ╙hft╘AB:═ove∞eft∩ne≡age F5:╟o⌠o≤pecifiedπell∩rεamed≥ange F6:╟o⌠o╬ext≈indow F7:╟o⌠o╬ext╓iew Pressing⌠he┼NDδey,µollowedΓy∩ne∩fßrrowδeys,φoves⌠heπursor⌠o theσnd∩f⌠heπurrentΓlock. ┌........A/.......B/.......C/.......D/........E/ 1 │2211451442 2 │787276 3 │456 4 │7129 5 │219049 6 │92141911 7 │93 8 │ If⌠he├ursorΘsßt┴1,⌠hen Pressing:█END]█DOWN]brings⌠heπursor⌠o┴2,⌠hen Pressing:█END]█RIGHT]brings⌠heπursor⌠o├2. !Linking L╔╬╦╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ CellsΘn⌠he≈orksheetπurrentlyΘnφemoryπanΓe∞inked⌠o≈orksheets∩n disk⌡sing⌠he└LINKµunction∩f┴S-EASY-AS.╓alues¿or∞abels)µrom⌠he file∩n-diskßreßutomatically≡lacedΘn⌠heπellπontaining⌠he└LINK function. @LINK("FileName>Cell") Ex.@LINK("c:\SAMPLE.WKS>A31") A.╘he─ouble╤uotesßnd⌠heº>'πharacterßreεecessary B.╘heµile≤pecifiedΓyºFileName'≤houldΓeΘn⌠he≡rogramΣirectory∩r theπomplete≡ath≤houldΓe≤pecified.TheºWKS'σxtensionΘs∩ptional. C.╫hen⌠heµunctionΘsµirstσntered,⌠heπell≈illΣisplayºN/A' indicating⌠hatεo∞inkingΦas⌠aken≡lace. D.╘he»File,╒plinkπommandεeeds⌠oΓeσxecuted,µor⌠heπontents∩f⌠he referencedºCell'ΘnºFileName'ßre≥etrievedßnd≡lacedΘn⌠heπalling cell. E.┴llºLinked'πellsßre⌡pdated≈henßµileΘs≥etrieved¿i.e.,ßsΘfß /File,╒plinkπommand≈asσxecuted). !Macros MACROS ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ MacrosφayΓeφadeßccessible⌠hroughßn┴LTδey≤equenceΓyßssigning⌠hem a≥angeεame⌡singß≤ingle∞etter█A..Z,▒..0]≡recededΓyß[\] backslash. Toσxecute≤uchßφacro,≤implyΦoldΣown⌠he┴ltδeyßnd≡ress⌠he∞etter corresponding⌠o⌠he≥angeεameßbove. MacrosσxecuteΣownwardµrom⌠he≤tarting≥ow⌡ntilßΓlank≥owΘs≥eached, the█ESC]δeyΘs≡ressed∩rßΓranchingφacroπommandΘsσncountered. Autoσxecutingφacros≤tartσxecutingΘmmediatelyßfter⌠he≤preadsheet⌠hey areπontainedΘnΘs∞oaded.ToΣefineßnßutoexecutingφacro,≤implyτive theµirstπell∩f⌠heφacro≤equence⌠he≥angeεame▄0¿zero). Allφacroδeysßnd≤ubstituteµunctionδeysφustΓeσnclosedΘnΓraces√}. Example:(1)├ell┴1πontains:'/RFF3~{dn}{DN}{RT}{RT}~ (2)├ell┴2ΘsΓlank (3)╘ype»RNC\Qßnd≡ress█ENTER] (4)╘ype┴1ßnd≡ress█ENTER] (5)┼nter⌠he÷alues▒,▓,│,ßnd┤Θnπells┬1,┬2,├1ßnd├2 (6)╨laceπursorΘnπell┬1 (7)╫hileΦildingΣown⌠he┴ltδey,≡ress╤ TheΣataΘnπells┬1,┬2,├1,ßnd├2≤houldΦaveΓeen formattedßsµixed≈ith⌠hreeΣigitsßfter⌠heΣecimal≡oint. !Macro Record M┴├╥╧R┼├╧╥─╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ YourδeystrokesφayΓe≥ecordedßutomatically,ßnd⌠urnedΘntoφacroπommand sequences. 1.┼nter⌠he═acro≥ecordingφodeΓyσxecuting⌠heπommand:/Sheet,═acro, Compose¿TheφodeΘndicatorπhanges⌠oºCompose!') 2.╨erform⌠he≥equired⌠ask(s).YourδeystrokesßreΓeing≤toredΘnß buffer. **╨lease,εote⌠hatΘf⌠he»File╥etrieve∩r╬ewφenuΘsΘnvoked,⌠he macroπomposingφodeΘsßutomaticallyπancelled. 3.╫hen∙ouΦaveµinished≈ith∙ourφacroπomposition,Θnvoke⌠he≤ame commandßgain¿/Sheet,═acro,├ompose).┘ou≈illΓeßskedµorßπell destination⌠o≤tore⌠heτeneratedφacro.Move⌠heπursor⌠o⌠heΣesired locationßnd≡ress█ENTER]. **╬ote⌠hatΣepending∩n⌠he≤ize∩f⌠heφacro,πellsΘn⌠he≥owΓelow mayΓe∩verwritten.Care≤houldΓe⌠aken⌠o≡lace⌠heφacroΘnß location≈ithß≤ufficientεumber∩fΓlank∩r⌡ndesired≥ows∩fπells or⌡sefulΘnformationφayΓe∩verwritten. !Macro Keys M┴├╥╧K┼┘╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Theseφacroπommandsßreσquivalent⌠oδeystrokes.╫henσncounteredΘnß macro≤tatement,⌠heyφake┴S-EASY-ASΓehaveßsΘf⌠heπorrespondingδey≈as pressed. `{LTε}`=Moveπursorε≤paces/cells∞eft `{LT}`=Moveπursor∩ne≤pace/cell⌠o⌠he∞eft `{RTε}`=Moveπursorε≤paces/cells≥ight `{RT}`=Moveπursor∩ne≤pace/cell⌠o⌠he≥ight `{UPε}`=Moveπursorε≤paces/cells⌡p `{UP}`=Moveπursor∩ne≤pace/cell⌡p `{DNε}`=Moveπursor∩ne≤pace/cellΣown `{BSε}`=backspaceε≤paces `{BS}`=backspace∩ne≤pace `{PGLT}`=Moveπursor∩ne≡age∞eft `{PGRT}`=Moveπursor∩ne≡age≥ight `{PGUP}`=Moveπursor∩ne≡age¿20≥ows)⌡p `{PGDN}`=Moveπursor∩ne≡age¿20≥ows)Σown `{HOME}`=Moveπursor⌠o┴1 `{EDIT}`=Sameßs╞2 `{CALC}`=Sameßs╞9 `{ESC}`=Sameßs┼scape `{WINDOW}`=Sameßs╞6 `{GRAPH}`╜Sameßs╞10 `{INS}`=TogglesΘnsertφode `{?}`=PauseµorΘnput `{GOTO}`=Sameßs╞5 `~`=Substituteµor█ENTER] `{ABS}`=Sameßs╞4 `{END}`=End╦ey `{DEL}`=Delδey `{VIEW}`=Sameßs╞7 ╙ee═acroCmds⌠opicµorφoreΘnfo∩nφacro∞anguage. !Macro Commands M┴├╥╧L┴╬╟╒┴╟┼ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Theseπommandsßre∩nlyßvailableµrom≈ithinσxecutingφacros. α{Appendú,"Fname"}`-╧penµileóFname"Θnßppendφodeßs⌡nitú¿up⌠o╡ files∩penßre≡ermittedßt∩ne⌠ime). α{Beep}`-┴≤ingleΓeep≤ound. α{BlankRANGE}`-┼rase⌠he≤pecified≥ange α{BorderOff}`-╘urn╧FF⌠he≥owßndπolumnΓorders α{BorderOn}`-╘urn╧N⌠he≥owßndπolumnΓorders α{Call}`-├ALL≥outineßtµollowingπellßndσxecute⌡ntil√Ret} α{ClrScr}`-├lear⌠heσntire≤creen α{Closeú}`-├loseµileú α{Cursor}`-╥efers⌠oπurrentπell∞ocation.ItφayΓe⌡sedßsß variableΘnφacros. α{Delay°}`-─elayßnßction,≈aitingµor≡ressingßnyδey¿x/1000 seconds). α{EscOff}`-─isable⌠he┼scapeδeyΣuringφacroσxecution.The EscapeδeyΓecomesσffectiveßgain,∩nce⌠heφacro executionφodeΘsσxited∩rΘfßn√EscOn}φacroΘs⌡sed. α{EscOn}` -╥eset⌠he┼scapeδey¿undo√EscOff}). α{Exit}`-├lear┴LL∞evels∩f⌠he≤ubroutine≤tackßndπontinue execution∩f⌠heφacroπommands. α{For├nt,Start,Stop,Step}`-┼xecutes⌠heφacroπommands⌠hatµollow⌡ntil `{NEXT}`isσncountered,⌠henΘncrementsπounter├nt⌡ntil the╙top÷alueΘs≥eached. α{Get├ell}`-┴ccepts⌠heεextδey≡ressedßnd≡lacesΘtΘn├ell. α{GotoXy┴1,A2}`-╨ositionπharacterπursorßtπol,row α{If╘est}`-╔F⌠rue⌠henσxecuteßtµollowingπommand¿in≤ameπell) elseσxecuteφacroΘnεext≥ow. α{Indxyφ,n}`-╨lace≤tatusΘndicatorΘnπolφ,≥owε α{InLabelóMsg",A1}`¡╔nputß╠ABELßnd≡laceΘnπell α{InValueóMsg",A2}`¡╔nputß╬UMBERßnd≡laceΘnπell α{Inkeyπell}`-╨lace⌠heεextδey≡ressedΘnπell α{InRangeóMsg",Cell}`-╨romptµor≥ange⌡singóMsg".╘he≥angeΘs≤pecified using⌠he≡ointingφethod,ßnd⌠erminatedΓy█ENTER]. The≥esulting≥angeΘs≡lacedΘn├ell. α{IoinitóCOMn:Baud,PA,DB,SB,LEN,DL"}`-╔nitialize╨ort COMn╜├om≡ort⌠oΓeΘnitialized Baud╜¿300,▒200,....) PA=╨arity¿E,╧,╬...) DB=─ata┬its¿7,╕,...) SB=╙top┬its¿1,▓,...) LEN=═ax⌠ransmitted≤tring∞ength DL=─elayΘn╙ystem├ycles `{IolabelóString",Range}`-╘ransmit╙tring⌠o⌠he├omm≡ort.If╙tringΘs blank¿""),≥eceive≤tringµrom⌠he≡ort.If╥ange=NUL, just≤endΘnfo. `{Iovalue╓alue,Range}`-╘ransmit/Receive╓alue⌠o/from⌠he├omm≡ort.╔f Range=NUL,Ωust≤end╓alue. α{Jump}`-╩UMP⌠oπellµollowingΘnstructionßnd≤tartσxecuting. α{Letπell,Arg}`-╥eplaces⌠heπontents∩fπell≈ith┴rg¿itπould be÷alue,σquation,σtc.) α{MenuCall╬AME}`¡╙imilar⌠o═enuJumpΓutß≤ubroutineπall α{MenuJump╬AME}`¡╘ransferσxecution⌠o═ENU α{MenuOff}`-╘urn∩ffφenu⌡pdating α{MenuOn}`-╘urn∩nφenu⌡pdating α{MenuWidth┴1}`-╙et⌠he≈idth∩fφenu,═ax=30πols. α{MenuXy┴1,A2}`-╙et⌠heπol,row≡osition∩f⌠heφenu. α{Open╞#,M#,"FName"}`-╧pensßµile¿up⌠o╡µilesφayΓe∩penßt⌠he same⌠ime). F#╜╒nitεumber¿1,▓,│,...) M#╜═ode╬umber 1¡╥ead 2¡╫rite 3¡┴ppend α{Read╞#,├ell}`¡╥ead∩ne∞ineµromΣiskµileúßnd≡laceΘtΘn├ell. Advance⌠heµile≡ointer⌠o⌠heεext∞ineΘn⌠heµile. α{Quit}`-╤UIT,≤topσxecuting⌠heφacro α{Recalc╥ANGE}`-├alculate∩nly⌠he≤pecified≥ange α{Restart}`-├lear∩ne∞evel∩f⌠he≤ubroutine≤tackßndπontinue execution∩f⌠heφacroπommands. α{Ret}`-╥ETURNµromßπalled≤ubroutine α{ScrnOff}`-╘urn∩ff⌠he≤creenΣisplay⌡pdate α{ScrnOn}`-╘urn∩n⌠he≤creenΣisplay⌡pdate α{Tone┴1,A2}`-╨layß⌠one∩fΣuration,µrequency α{Update}`-╥efresh≤creen≈ithεewπell÷alues α{While╘est,Action}`-╥epeatºAction'≈hileºTest'Θs÷alid.Then,≡roceed with⌠heφacro∩n⌠heπellΓelow. α{WriteóMsg"}`-╫rite═sgßt⌠heπurrentπharacterπursor≡osition∩n the≤creen. α{Write╞#,"Msg"}`-╫rite═sg⌠o∩penΣiskµile╞#,≤tartingßt⌠heπurrent locationΘn⌠heµile. α{WriteLnóMsg"}`¡╙ameßsßbove,≈ith├R/LF α{Write╞#,"Msg"}`-╫rite═sg⌠o∩penΣiskµile╞#,≤tartingßt⌠heπurrent locationΘn⌠heµileßndßdvanceµile≡ointer⌠o⌠he beginning∩f⌠heεext∞ine.. !Data Parse%Parsing P┴╥╙╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ParsingΘs⌡sed⌠oπonvertß≤tringΘntoσquivalent≤trings∩r÷aluesΘn adjacentπolumnsΘn⌠he≤ame≥ow.ParsingΘs⌡sed,µorσxample,⌠oπonvert aµile≈hich≈asΘmportedßs⌠ext,⌠oΘtsσquivalent⌠extßnd÷alues.In addition⌠o⌠he≤paceπharacter,⌠heµollowingπharactersßre⌡sedßs delimitersΘn≡arsing¿parsingπharactersσnclosedΘn≤quareΓrackets). [▌[;][,] The█+]ßnd█-]πharactersßreΘnterpretedßsßπombination∩fß delimiterßndßn∩perand,ßnd⌠he█E]πharacterµollowingß÷alidεumber isΘnterpretedßsßnσxponential.═ultiple≤paceπharactersßre⌠reated asß≤ingleΣelimiter. Examples: AB,56,50,-55parses⌠oAB5650-55 BB;100,5;19parses⌠oBB100519 Ab2162▓0parses⌠oAb216220 1E-2+2-3,Testparses⌠o0.012-3Test AºB▐C¡5parses⌠oABC -5 Note⌠hatΘn⌠he∞astσxample,τivenßbove,⌠he≡arsingπharacterΘs⌠he space.The≤ingle±uoteßndπarretßre≤implyµormattingπharacters. TheΣouble±uoteπan╬OTΓe⌡sedßsßµormatingπharacterΓecauseΘt's usedßsßτroupingπharacter⌠o≡revent≡arsing. Examples: AB,"Sample▓+3",-55parses⌠oABSample▓+3-55 The≤tringσnclosedΘn⌠heΣouble±uotesΘs╬OT≡arsed. Positions¿columns)πannotΓe≥eservedΣuring⌠he≡arsing≡rocess,⌡nless specifically≥eserved⌡sing⌠heΣouble±uoteΣelimiter. Forσxample,⌠he≤tring:"ThisΘsßnσxample",0,0≈ould≡arse⌠o: ..........A........../..B../..C../..D../..E.../... 1:╘hisΘsßnσxample00 2: 3: while⌠he≤tring:"ThisΘsßnσxample","ó,0,"ó,0≈ould≡arse⌠o: ..........A........../..B../..C../..D../...E../... 1:╘hisΘsßnσxample00 2: 3: !Print Codes%ASEASY.PRT ╨╥╔╬╘C╧─┼╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ A.┴ll≡rinterπontrolπodesφustΓe≡lacedΘnß╙ETUP≤tring¿PrintTo, Printer,╧ptions,╙etup). AS-EASY-AS≈illßcceptπodesßs╘HREE─IGITΣecimal┴SCIIπharacter sequences,≡recededΓy⌠heΓack-slashπharacter█\],∩rßs≤imple┴SCII characters.Forσxample∙ouφay⌠ypeσither∩ne∩f⌠heµollowing⌠wo equivalentπodesΘn≥esponse⌠o⌠he≡romptµor⌠he≤etup≤tring: \027\069[ENTER](069Θs⌠heπodeµor┼) \027E[ENTER] B.╘he≤etup≤tringφayΓeσditedΓy≥e-selecting⌠he╙ETUP∩ption. Examples∩fπodesµor┼PSONtype≡rintersßre: ┌────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐ │\014EnlargedON │\027\0497/72"∞ine≤pacing │ │\020EnlargedOFF │\027\0501/6"line≤pacing │ └────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘ Please,πheck∙our≡rinter'sφanualµorπontrolπodes≤pecific⌠o∙our printer. Pressing▄µollowedΓy╞1,≈ill∩penß≤econdary≈indowπontaining⌠he setupπodesßvailableΘn∙our≡rinter≤etupµile┴SEASY.PRT.The ASEASY.PRTµileΘsß⌠extµile⌠hat⌠he⌡serφayσdit≈ithß≡ure textσditorΘn∩rder⌠oπustomizeΘtµorß≤pecific≡rinter∩r printers.TheµileΘsφade⌡p∩f⌠wo∞ine≥ecords.Theµirst∞ine LineπontainsßnßphanumericΘdentification∩f⌠heΣesiredσffect, and⌠he≤econd∞ineπontains⌠heßctualπodeεeededΓy⌠he⌡ser's printerµor⌠hatσffect.Forσxample, Bold-ONTheseßre⌠wo⌠ypical≥ecordsΘn⌠he┴SEASY.PRT 027\069fileµormatµorßn┼PSON≡rinter Bold-OFF 027\070 PortraitTheseßre⌠wo≥ecordsµorß╠aserject 027\038\108\048\079printerΘn┴SEASY.PRTµormat. Landscape 027\038\108\049\079 (see⌡ser'sφanualµorΣetails). !Printing P╥╔╬╘╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Before∙ou≤tart≡rinting∙ou≤hould⌠akeßµewφinutesßnd≥eview⌠he information≡resentedΦereßndΘn⌠he⌡ser'sφanual.Itπan≤ave∙ouß∞ot of⌠imeßnd≡aper. ItΘsßlsoΘmportant⌠o≤elect⌠heπorrect≡rinterΣriverßnd⌠heπorrect printer≡ort⌡nder╒ser,╔nstall,╨rinterßnd╒ser,╔nstall,─evice respectively. Printer≡roblems/questionsφost∩ftenσncounteredßre⌠he≥esult∩f∩ne¿or more∩f⌠heµollowingπonditions): 1.╫hen⌠rying⌠o≡rintτraphics¿or⌠extªτraphics),ß∞ot∩f┴SCIIΦigh bitπharactersßre≡rintedΘnstead.╨rinterΘsεotπompatible≈ith∩ne∩f theΣriversΘncluded≈ith⌠he≡rogram,∩r∙ouΦave≤elected⌠he≈rong printerΣriver(User,╔nstall). 2.╬umber∩f∞ines≡er≡ageΘn⌠he≡rogramΣoesεotßgree≈ith⌠heεumber∩f lines≡er≡age≤etting∩n∙our≡rinter.(GapsßppearΘn⌠heφiddle∩f the≡rinted≡ages,⌠he⌠opφargin≤eems⌠oπreepΣown∩nσach≡age,σtc.) Theεumber∩f⌠ext∞ines≡rinted∩nß≡ageΘs: PageLength¡╘opMargin¡┬ottomMargin¡╢ (6∞inesßre≥eservedßutomatically,∩neΓeforeßnd after⌠heΦeaderßndµooterßnd∩neσachµor⌠he top≡ageßndΓottom≡age≤kip≡erforation. 3.╘he≥ightφarginΘs≤etΘncorrectly.¿The≡rogram∩nly≡rintsß≡ortion of⌠he≥angeσven⌠houghß≈ider≥angeΦasΓeen≤pecified┴NDµits∩n⌠he page¡µunction∩f∙our≡rinter). 4.╔ncorrect╙etupπodeΘsσnteredΘn⌠he≡rogram.Thisφay≥esultΘnφany unpredictable≥esults.Wrongµont,≈rongπharacter≤ize,«... 5.╨rinterΘs≤et⌠oß≡roportionalµont¿columns∩f≡rintout≈illεot∞ine up).ThisΘsεormallyß≡roblemσncountered≈ith╠aserjet≡rinters⌠hat automatically≤elect∩ne∩rφoreπartridgeµonts. TheΓasic≤teps⌠o≡roducing≡rintoutsßre: 1.Invoke⌠he╨rint═enu¿/pp) 2.Specify⌠he≥ange⌠oΓe≡rinted¿i.e.,⌠heΓlock∩fπells⌠hat∙ou want≤ent⌠o∙our≡rinter). 3.Make≤ure⌠he⌠op,Γottomßnd∞eftφarginsßre≤etπorrectly. 4.Make≤ure⌠he╨age∞engthΘs≤etπorrectly¿andßgrees≈ith⌠he printer≤etting).╘heΣefaultΘsµorß╢6∞ine/page≡ageµormat. 5.SpecifyßnyΦeadersßnd/orµooters¿Notεecessary). 6.Reset⌠he⌠op∩f≡age¿use⌠he┴djustπommand),ßndφake≤ure⌠hat the≡rinter≡ointerΘsßlso≤et⌠o⌠he⌠op∩f⌠he≡age. 7.Select╟O⌠o≤tart≡rinting. Headerßnd╞ooter∞inesßreπenteredßndφayπontainßny⌠extßs≈ellßsßny of⌠heµollowing≤pecialπodes: |-Useεextµield¿LineΘsΣividedΘnto│ fields;∞eft,πenter,≥ight). #-Print╨ageεumber.Note⌠hat⌠he /PrintTO,╨rinter,┴djustπommand resets⌠he≡ageπounter⌠o·ero. @-Printπurrent╙ystemΣate. Example:|@|-Will≡rint⌠heΣateΘn⌠he≤econd µield¿center). Note:┘ouπan╙TOP⌠he≡rinterßtßny⌠imeΓy≡ressing⌠he█ESC]δey.Note thatµor≡rintersσquipped≈ithß≡rintΓuffer,πontrol∩f⌠he≡rogram mightΓe≥e-gained≈hen┼SCΘs≡ressed,Γut⌠he≡rinterφightπontinue to≡rint⌡ntilΘtsΓufferΘsσmpty. !Query%Database%Criterion Q╒┼╥┘╔╬╟A╬AS-EASY-ASD┴╘┴┬┴╙┼ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Find∩rσxtract≥ecords≈hichφatch≤electedπriteria,µromßΣatabaseΘn AS-EASY-AS. In∩rder⌠o⌡se⌠heseπommandsΘn┴S-EASY-AS,∙ouεeed⌠oΦaveπreated⌠hree ranges.The─ata╔nput≥ange,⌠he─ata╧utput≥angeßnd⌠he─ata├riterion range.Once⌠hatΘsΣone,∙ouφay±uestion∙ourΣatabaseßndσxtractßny information∙ouΣesireΓy≤implyµollowing⌠heseµour≤imple≤teps: 1.─efine⌠heΣatabase╔nput≥ange:»dqiA1..C6█ENTER]┴n┴S-EASY-AS databaseΘsφade⌡p∩f≥ecords¿rows),ßndσachεameΘn⌠heΣefined≥ange isßµield∩f⌠he≥espective≥ecord.The├olumnΦeadings¿part∩f⌠he database≥ange)ßre⌠heµieldεames. 2.─efine⌠he╧utput≥ange:╧A21..C24█ENTER]╘heµirst≥ow∩f⌠he∩utput rangeπontains⌠heεames∩f⌠heµields⌠hat∙ou≈ant⌠oσxtractµrom⌠he input≥ange.Theµieldεames≤houldΓe╔DENTICAL⌠o⌠hoseΘn⌠heΘnput range;≈e≥ecommendπopying⌠hem≥ather⌠han≥etyping! 3.─efine⌠he├riterion≥ange:CA11.A12█ENTER]╘heµirst≥owπontainsßn EXACTπopy∩f⌠heµieldεames⌠oΓe⌡sedßsπriteria. Criteriaßre≤pecified⌡singß∞ogical∩peratorßnd⌠heπorresponding fieldΘn⌠heµirst≥ecord¿row)∩f⌠heΘnput≥ange.Wildcardsßre allowedΘn≤tringsπriteria: *-φatchßllπharacters⌠o≥ight∩f¬ A*=Matchßny≥ecord≈hoseΣesignatedµield starts≈ith┴≥egardless∩f≈hat follows.¿Arc,┴pron,┴ll,┴rctic,..) ?-φatch≤ingleπharacterΘn≡osition∩f┐. ?at╜Matchßny≥ecord≈hose≥espectedµield starts≈ithßnyπharacterßndΦasºat' as⌠he≤econdßnd⌠hirdπharacters, (Hat,├at,┬at,...) ~-φatchßnything╝>⌠oπriterion¿butεot╜) ~At╜Matchßny≥ecord≈hose≥espectedµield isεotºAt'.¿Then,⌠han,╩ohn,...) ...¡φatchΘfµollowing≤tringΘsΘnµield ...are╜Matchßny≥ecord≈hose≥espected µieldπontains⌠heπharactersºare'. ¿software,Φardware,...) 4.┼xtract⌠he≥ecords⌠hatφeet⌠heπriteriaΣefinedΘnΘtem│,ßboveßnd place⌠heπorresponding≥ecordΘnformationΘn⌠he∩utput≥ange. Example: ~~~~~~~~ Database╔nput╥ange¡/dqiA1..C6[ENTER] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┌..............A/......B/..........C/........D/............ 1 │NameAgeHeight(m)<-╞ield╬ames 2 │Bill╩ohnson191.82 ┐ 3 │Wayne╫illiams411.79 │ 4 │John╩ones291.88 ├─Records 5 │James├arlson 331.74 │ 6 │Bob╥obinson181.91 ┘ 7 │ Database├riterion╥ange¿1)-»dqcA11..A12[ENTER] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┌..............A/......B/..........C/........D/..... 11 │Name <--╞ield╬ame 12 │J*<--├riterion(This├riterion≈ill 13 │filter∩utßll≥ecords≈here⌠he 14 │first∞etter∩fµieldºName'Θsεot╩) Database╧utput╥ange¿1)-»dqoA21..C24[ENTER]e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┌..............A/......B/..........C/........D/....... 21 │NameAgeHeight(m)<--╞ield╬ames 22 │John╩ones291.88 ┐ 23 │James├arlson 331.74 ┴Extracted 24 │Records Modify⌠heπriterion≥ange,⌠his⌠ime⌡sing⌠heßgesßsßµilter.Then repeat⌠he┼xtract¿/DQE)πommand⌠oσxtract⌠heεew≥ecords. Database├riterion╥ange¿2) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┌..............A/......B/..........C/........D/..... 1 │Age<--╞ield╬ame 2 │+B2>30<--├riterion(This├riterion≈ill 3 │filter∩utßll≥ecords≈here⌠he 4 │fieldºAge'Θsτreater⌠han│0) Database╧utput╥ange¿2) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┌..............A/......B/..........C/........D/....... 1 │NameAgeHeight(m)<--╞ield╬ames 2 │Wayne╫illiams411.79 ─┐ 3 │James├arlson 331.74 ─┴─Extracted !Sorting%DataSort S╧╥╘╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ SortingßΣataΓase∩f≥ecordsΓyßnyµield¿column)φayΓeΣoneΓy performing⌠heµollowing≤equence∩fδeystrokes.Note⌠hat⌠he∩riginal relationshipsΓetweenπellsßre≥etainedΣuring≤orting. --GetΘnto⌠he─ata╙ortφenuΓy⌠yping:/ds --Define⌠he╔NPUT≥ange,╘hisΘncludesßll≥ecordsΘn theΣataΓase,Θ.e.ßll≥owsßndπolumns.╬ote⌠hat you≤houldσxclude⌠heΦeadings,Θfßny. --Define⌠he¿1)╨RIMARYδey¿first≤ortπolumn) --Optional:─efine⌠he¿2)╙ECONDARYδey∩r⌠ieΓreaker (Second≤ortπolumn¡ΘfΣesired) --Optional:─efine⌠he¿3)╘HIRDδey∩r⌠ieΓreaker (Third≤ortπolumn¡ΘfΣesired) --Optional:─efine⌠he¿4)╞OURTHδey∩r⌠ieΓreaker (Fourth≤ortπolumn¡ΘfΣesired) --Select╟O⌠oΘnitiate⌠he≤ort The≤ort≈illΓeπompleted≤hortlyßndßΓeep≈ill≤ound. Pleaseεote⌠hat≤ortingΘsΣoneßccording⌠he┴SCII÷alues∩f⌠he characters,⌠herefore,εumbersßre≡lacedΓeforeπharacters.. !Word Process%Text W╧╥─P╥╧├┼╙╙╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ The≈ord≡rocessingφode∩f┴S-EASY-ASφayΓeßccessedΓyσxecuting⌠he command»Sheet,╘ext,╫ord. 1.╒p⌠o▓0∞ines∩f⌠extßreßccommodatedσach⌠ime⌠he≈ord≡rocessorΘs invoked. 3.┴utomatic∞ine≈rapping≈ith∩r≈ithout≤pace≡adding¿Ragged∩r Justified)Θs⌠oggledΓy≡ressing╞7∩nceΘn⌠he≈ord≡rocessingφode. 4.╞2ßllows∙ou⌠o≤et⌠he≥ightφargin¿justσnter╥Θn⌠heΣesired locationßnd≡ress┼NTER⌠o≥eturn⌠o⌠he╫Pφode) 5.┼ntriesßreσvaluatedßndßre⌠reatedßs∞abels∩r÷alues¿trailing spaces≈ill≥esultΘn∞abel). 6.╘heµollowingσditingδeysßreßctive: HOME->Beginning∩f∞ine END->End∩f∞ine DEL->Deleteπurrentπharacter INS->ToggleΘnsert/overwriteφode BACKSPACE¡>Deleteπharacter⌠o⌠he∞eft TAB->8≤paces⌠o⌠he≥ight Shift╘AB¡>8≤pace⌠o⌠he∞eft Note⌠hat├arriage╥eturnsφay∩nlyΓeΣeletedΓy⌡sing⌠he┬ack╙paceδey. !Dates (@)%Times (@)%@-Date%@-Time D┴╘┼»╘╔═┼F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ AllΣateεumbersßreτivenΓased∩n╩an▒,▒900.Since⌠heseßre≡ure numbers,ßπellεeeds⌠oΓeµormattedßs─ateΘn∩rder⌠oΣisplay≡roperly. Forσxample,⌠heµunction@DATE(71,1,2)≈ill≥eturn⌠he≤erialΣateεumber 25935,φeaning⌠hat▓5935ΣaysΦaveσlapsed≤ince╩an▒,▒900.If⌠heπell containing⌠hisµormulaΘsµormattedßsß─ate¿type┤),⌠heπell≈ill display:1/2/71. OnlyΣates⌠hatΦaveΓeenσntered⌡sing∩ne∩f⌠heseµunctions,ßsß⌠rue serialΣateεumber,∩r⌡singßΣateµormattedπell,πanΓe⌡sedΘnΣate calculations. `@DATE(YY,MM,DD)α Serialεumber∩fΣaysµrom╩an▒,1900⌠o┘ear╜┘Y, Month╜═M,─ay╜─D. Ex.└DATE(87,5,20)╜│1917 (Note:├ellsεeed⌠oΓeΘnΣateµormat⌠oΣisplayΣates) `@DATEVAL(String)` Serialεumber∩fΣaysΘn╙tringóMM/DD/YY". `@DAY(X)` The─ayΘn╪. Ex.└DAY(31917)╜▓0. `@HOUR(X)` The╚oursΘn⌠heµractional≡art∩f╪ `@MINUTE(X)` The═inutesΘn⌠heµractional≡art∩f╪ `@MONTH(X)` The═onthΘn╪. Ex.└MONTH(31917)╜╡¿May) `@SECOND(X)` The╙econdsΘn⌠heµractional≡art∩f╪ `@TIME(HR,MIN,SEC)α Fraction∩fΣayπorresponding⌠o╚R:MIN:SEC `@TIMEVAL(String)` Fraction∩fΣayπorresponding⌠o╙tringóHR:MIN:SEC" `@TODAY` Returns⌠he≤erialεumber∩fΣaysµrom▒/1/1900⌡ntilεow. `@YEAR(X)` The┘earΘn╪. Ex.└YEAR(31917)╜╕7 !Finance (@)%@-Financial F╔╬┴╬├╔┴╠F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ `@ACI(Principal,Interest╥ate,Period,PmtNumber)` AccumulatedΘnterest∩nß∞oanßfterß≤pecified≡aymentΦasΓeenφade. ex.@ACI(10000,0.01,48,36)╜▓444.07 `@BAL(Principal,Interest╥ate,Period,PmtNumber)` UnpaidΓalance∩nß∞oanßfter⌠he≤pecified≡aymentΦasΓeenφade. ex.@BAL(10000,0.01,48,47)╜▓60.73 `@CTERM((Interest,FutureValue,PresentValue)` Theεumber∩fπompounding≡eriods≥equiredµorßnΘnvestment∩f╨V (present÷alue)⌠oτrow⌠o╞V¿future÷alue),Θf⌠heΘnvestmentΘsσarning INTΘnterest≡erπompounding≡eriod. `@DDB(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period)` AcceleratedΣepreciation÷alueµorßnßsset,τiven⌠heΘnitialπost,⌠he lifeσxpectancy,⌠heσnd÷alueßnd⌠heΣepreciation≡eriod.The depreciationΘsπalculated⌡sing⌠heΣoubleΣecliningΓalanceφethod. `@FV(Annuity,interest≥ate,period)` Returns⌠heµuture÷alueπorresponding⌠oanannuity∩ccurring∩ver⌠he specified≡eriod. ex.@FV(700,0.0925,30)╜╣9979.77 `@IRR(Guess╔nterest╥ate,Range)` Returns⌠he╥ate∩f╥eturn≡er≡eriodßssociated≈ithßπashµlow.More than∩ne≤olutionφayΓe≡ossibleΘfπashµlowπhangesΓetween≡ositive andεegative÷alues⌠hroughout≥ange.AτoodτuessΘs÷eryΘmportant! ex.@IRR(0.11,H1..H5) `@NPV(Interest≥ate,Range)` ReturnstheNetpresentvalueofßπashµlow∩verΘnterest≡eriod. ex.@NPV(0.1,A1..D1) `@PMT(Principal,interest,period)` Returns⌠heßmount∩fßnßnnuityσqual⌠o⌠he≡rincipalßmortized∩ver⌠he period. ex.@PMT(75000,0.0925,30)╜╖462.61 `@PMTP(Principal,Interest╥ate,Period,PmtNumber)` Returns⌠heßmount∩fßτiven≡ayment⌠hatΘs⌡sed⌠o≥educe⌠he principal,Θ.e.,ΣoesεotΘncludeΘnterest. ex.@PMT(10000,0.01,48,5)╜▒69.97 `@PV(Annuity,interest≥ate,period)` Returns⌠he≡resent÷alueπorrespondingtoanannuity∩ccurring∩ver the≤pecified≡eriod. ex.@PV(700,0.0925,30)╜╖035.08 `@RATE(FutureValue,PresentValue,N)` Interest≥ate≥equiredµorßnΘnvestment∩f╨VAL⌠oΓe≈orth╞VAL,Θn╬ compounding≡eriods. `@SLN(Cost,Salvage,Life)` Straight∞ineΣepreciation∩fßnßsset∩ver╧NE≡eriod∩f╠IFE. `@SYD(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period)` Depreciation∩fßnßsset⌡sing⌠he╙um-of-YearsΣepreciationφethod. `@TERM(Payment,Interest,FutureValue)` Number∩f≡eriods≥equired⌠oßccumulateßnΘnvestment∩f╞VALφaking regular≡ayments∩f╨MTßndßccruingΘnterestßt⌠he≥ate∩f╔NT≡er period. !Logical (@)%@-Logical ╠╧╟╔├┴╠F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ #OR#ªúAND#╧perators ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Used⌠oπombine≤ingleπriteriaΘntoπomplex∞ogicalσxpressions.The result∩f≤uch∩perationsΘsσither▒¿true),∩r░¿false). A B A#or#BA#and#B ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TrueTrue TrueTrue TrueFalseTrueFalse FalseTrue TrueFalse FalseFalseFalseFalse Examples:1#AND#1resultΘs▒¿true) ~~~~~~~~~1#OR#1resultΘs▒¿true) 1#AND#0resultΘs░¿false) 1#OR#0resultΘs▒¿true) 1=1#AND#1<2resultΘs▒¿true) 2<3#OR#3>4resultΘs▒¿true) `@ERR` Returns⌠he≤tringºERR'.UsedΓy└ISERR,Γelow. `@FALSE` Returns⌠he÷alue∩f░¿logicalµalse). `@IF(Condition,arg1,arg2)` Value∩fßrg1Θf├onditionΘs⌠rue÷alue∩fßrg2Θf⌠he├onditionΘs false.┴llowable∞ogical∩perators╛,<,=,<>,>=,<=úOR#,úAND#. Ex.@if(10>2,3*2,4+5)╜╢ +(a1>2)*3+(a1<=2)*4Thisµormula≈ill∙ieldß≥esult∩f│Θf the÷alue≤toredΘnπell┴1Θsτreater⌠han▓ßnd≈ill∙ieldß┤ if⌠he÷alueΘs∞ess⌠han∩rσqual⌠o▓. `@ISERR(Cell)` Returns▒Θf├ellπontains┼RR,░∩therwise. `@ISNA(Cell)` Returns▒Θf≥eferencedπellπontains└NA,░∩therwise. `@ISNUM(Cell)` Returns▒Θf⌠he≥eferencedπellπontainsß÷alue,░∩therwise. `@ISSTR(Cell)` Returns▒Θf⌠he≥eferencedπellπontainsß∞abel,░∩therwise. `@NA` Always≥eturns⌠he÷alue∩f¡1.UsefulΘn∞ogicπheckingµormulas. `@NOT(Cell)` Logicallyεegates⌠he÷alue∩fπell.0Γecomes▒ßnd▒Γecomes░. `@TRUE` Returns⌠he÷alue∩f▒¿logical⌠rue). !Math (@)%@-Mathematical M┴╘╚┼═┴╘╔├┴╠F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Thefollowingµunctionsßct⌡pon⌠heßrgumentºx'≈ithin⌠he≡arenthesis. TheßrgumentφayΓeß÷alue∩rßµormula≈hich≥eferences∩therπells≈ithin the≤preadsheet. `@ABS(x)` Returns⌠heßbsolute÷alue∩fßrgument. Example.@ABS(-10)╜▒0 `@ACOS(x)` Arcπosine,≥eturns≥adians @ACOS(0.5)╜▒.0471 `@ACOSH(x)` Hyperbolic┴rcπosine,≥eturns≥adians @COSH(2)╜▒.316957 `@ASIN(x)` Arc╙ine,≥eturns≥adians @ASIN(0.866)╜▒.0471 `@ASINH(x)` Hyperbolic┴rc╙ine,≥eturns≥adians @ASINH(2)╜▒.443635 `@ATAN(x)` Arc╘angent,≥eturns≥adians @ATAN(1.732)╜▒.047 `@ATANH(x)` Arc╚yperbolic╘angent,≥eturns≥adians @ATANH(-0.999)╜¡3.800 `@COS(x)` Cosine∩fßngle,°Θn≥adians. @COS(1.047)╜░.5 `@COSH(x)` Hyperbolic├osine∩fßngle,°Θn≥adians. @COSH(1)╜▒.543080 `@CSC(x)` Cosecant∩fßngle°Θn≥adians @csc(2)╜▒.099750 `@CTN(x)` Cotangent∩fßngle°Θn≥adians @ctn(@PI/4)╜▒.0 `@EXP(x)` Raiseºe'⌠o⌠heºx'≡ower @EXP(5)╜▒48.4131591 `@GAMMALN(x)` Natural∞ogarithm∩fτammaµunction @GAMMALN(5)╜│.178053 `@INT(x)` Integer÷alue∩fßrgument.╘heµractional≡art∩f⌠heεumberΘs truncatedandtheΘnteger≥emainderΘs≥eturned.┼xample: @INT(10.6)╜▒0 `@LN(x)` Natural╠ogarithm⌠oΓaseºe' @LN(6)╜▒.791... `@LOG(x)` Logarithm⌠oΓaseº10' @LOG(10)╜▒ `@LOGB(x,n)` Calculates⌠he∞ogarithm∩f°ΘnΓaseε. Ex.└LOGB(100,10)╜2 `@MOD(x,y)` ModuloΣivision, @MOD(10,3)╜▒ `@PI` Constant≈hichΦasß÷alue∩f @PI╜│.14159... `@RAND` Returnsßεew≥andomεumberßfterσach├ALC. `@ROUND(x,y)` Rounds÷alue°⌠o∙Σigits≥ight∩fΣecimal @ROUND(123.123,1)╜▒23.1 Negative÷alue∙≥ounds⌠o∞eft. @ROUND(123.123,-2)=▒00 `@SEC(x)` Secant∩fßngle°Θn≥adians @SEC(1.5)╜▒4.13683 `@SIN(x)` Sine∩fßngle,°Θn≥adians. @SIN(1.047)╜░.866 `@SINH(x)` Hyperbolic╙ine∩fßngle,°Θn≥adians. @SIN(1.5)╜▓.129279 `@SQRT(x)` Square≥oot∩fßrgument. @SQRT(2)╜▒.4142135624 `@TAN(x)` Tangent∩fßngle,°Θn≥adians @TAN(1.047)╜▒.732 `@TANH(x)` Hyperbolic╘angent∩fßngle,°Θn≥adians @TAN(1.047)╜░.781 !Engineer (@)%@-Engineering E╬╟╔╬┼┼╥╔╬╟F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ TheµunctionsΣescribedΓelowßreεormally⌡sedΘn┼ngineering calculations.Note⌠hatφany∩f⌠heµunctions≥eferencedΘn∩ther sections∩f⌠heΦelpµileßreßlso⌡sedΘn┼ngineeringπalculationsßs well.Theseßreτrouped⌠ogetherΓecause⌠heyßreφore≤pecialized! `@BESSELI(n,x)` Hyperbolic┬essel╞unction╔nµorß÷alue°. Ex.└BESSELI(1,0)╜1.266065 `@BESSELJ(n,x)` Basic┬essel╞unction╩nµorß÷alue°. Ex.└BESSELJ(3.5,0)╜-0.38012 `@BESSELK(n,x)` Modified╦┬essel╞unction╦nµorß÷alue°. Ex.└BESSELK(2,0)╜0.113893 `@BESSELY(n,x)` Bessel╞unction┘nµorß÷alue°.Alsoδnownßs╫eber'sµunction. Ex.└BESSELY(1,0)╜0.088256 `@BETA(w,x)` Calculates⌠heπomplete┬etaµunctionµor≈,x.Note⌠hat @BETA(w,x)╜└BETA(x,w). Ex.@BETA(1,4)╜░.25 `@BETAI(z,w,x)` Calculates⌠he·-thΘncomplete┬etaµunctionµor≈,x. Ex.@BETAI(4,1,0.3)╜░.151110791 `@CEIL(x,n)` Rounds÷alue°⌠oεΣecimals≡lacesßwayµrom·ero.Note⌠hatΘf nΘsεegative,⌠hen⌠heµunction≥ounds⌠o⌠heεextΘnteger÷alue based∩n▒0^n. Ex.@CEIL(12.0123,2)=12.02 @CEIL(-12.0123,2)=-12.02 `@DET(range)` Returns⌠heΣeterminant÷alue∩f⌠he≤quare¿number∩f≥ows╜ number∩fπolumns)φatrixπontainedΘn≥ange. Ex.Ifπells┴1⌠oπ3πontain⌠he÷alues≤hownΓelow 534 461 729 then,@DET(A1..C3)╜37 `@DMS(x)` Returns°Θn⌠erms∩f─egrees:Minutes:Seconds. Ex.@DMS(1.1)=1:06:00 @DMS(2.033333)╜2:01:59 `@ERF(x)` Calculates⌠he÷alue∩f⌠he┼rror╞unctionµor°. Ex.@ERF(0.01)╜░.011283416 `@FLOOR(x,n)` Rounds÷alue°⌠oεΣecimal≡laces⌠owards·ero.Note⌠hatΘfε isεegative,⌠hen⌠heµunction≥ounds⌠o⌠heεext≤mallest integer÷alueΓased∩n▒0^n. Ex.@FLOOR(12.0123,2)=12.01 @FLOOR(-12.0123,2)=-12.01 `@GAMMAP(a,x)` Calculates⌠he°-thΘncomplete╟ammaµunctionµor°. Ex.└GAMMAP(1,2.5)╜0.917915 `@GAMMAQ(a,x)` Calculates⌠heß-thπomplementaryΘncomplete╟ammaµunctionµor the÷alue°. Ex.@GAMMAQ(1,2.5)╜0.082084 `@INTG("@x...",X0,X1)α Evaluates⌠heΘntegral∩f⌠heµunctionΣefinedΘn⌠erms∩f└x within⌠he∞imits╪0ßnd╪1.Usesßnßccelerated╥omberg integration⌠echnique. Ex.@INTG("@x",0,1)╜░.5 @INTG("@EXP(@x)",-1,1)╜▓.3504024 `@RECUR("@X...",Seed,Diff)` Itσvaluates⌠he≥ecursiveµunction≥epresentedΘn⌠erms∩f└X using╙eedßs⌠heµirstτuessßnd≥ecursing⌡ntil⌠heΣifference between⌠wo≤uccesive≥ecursuionsΘsσqual⌠o∩r∞ess⌠han─iff. Ex.@RECUR("@x-(@x*@x-A6)/(2*@x)",9,0.001) `@XYTERP(X,Y,Range)` PerformsßΣoubleΘnterpolationΘn╥angeßnd≥eturns⌠heµunction valueßt╪,Y.Forσxample,τiven⌠heΣata≥ange≡resentedΓelow, [A]........A │.......B │.......C │.......D │.......E │... ▐1│1234 ▐2│22.005.0026.00677.00 ▐3│41.503.2511.56134.69 ▐4│61.673.7815.27234.22 ▐5│81.603.5613.67187.97 @XYTERP(2.5/4,2.5/8,A1..E5)╜▒.6330295 !Stat (@)%@-Statistical S╘┴╘╔╙╘╔├┴╠F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Statisticalµunctions∩perate∩nß≥ange∩f÷alues.┴≥ange≤pecifies a≥ectangularΓlock∩fΣataΘn⌠he≤preadsheet.OnlyONE≥angeφayΓe⌡sed asßnßrgument.Θ.e.Range╜┴1..B10Σefines⌠heΓlock∩fΣataµrom: ß1...b1 a10...b10 Presentedbelowarethestatisticalfunctionsßvailablewithin┴S- EASY-AS. `@AVEDEV(range)` Calculates⌠heßverageΣeviation∩f⌠he≤ampleΘn≥ange. Ex.╔fπells┴1..A6πontain⌠he÷alues:2,╢,┤,1,2,╕ Then,@AVEDEV(A1..A6)╜▓.166666 `@AVG(Range)` Average÷alue∩f⌠he≥ange Ex.└Avg(A1..B2)╜┤.125 `@COMB(n,r)` Combinations∩fεΣistinct⌠erms⌠aken≥ßtß⌠ime. Ex.└COMB(6,2)╜▒5 `@COUNT(Range)` Count⌠heεumber∩fσlementsΘn⌠he≥ange.BlankπellsΘgnored. Ex.└Count(A1..B2)╜┤ `@COUNTA(range)` Returns⌠heεumber∩fπellsΘn≥ange⌠hatπontainß÷alue,ß string,∩rßµormula,Θ.e,⌠hatßreεotΓlank.Different⌠han the└COUNTµunctions≈hichΘgnoresπellsπontaining⌠ext. `@FACT(x)` Factorial∩f╪¿0<X<33) Ex.└Fact(4)╜▓4 `@GAUSS(x,u,d)` Returns⌠he÷alue∩f⌠he╟aussian¿or╬ormal)distribution function,ßt≡oint°. x=Valueßt≈hich⌠oσvaluate u=mean∩fΣistribution d=StandardΣeviation `@KURT(range)` Calculates⌠heπoefficient∩fδurtosisµorß≤et∩fΣataΘnß range,⌡sing⌠he≤econdßndµourthφomentsßbout⌠heφean∩f⌠he sample. `@MAX(Range)` Maximum÷alueΘn⌠he≥ange Ex.└Max(A1..B2)╜╖.5 `@MEDIAN(range)` Calculates⌠heφedianΘnß≥ange∩f÷alues. Ex.╔fπells┴1..A5πontained⌠he÷alues│,5,1,7,9then, @MEDIAN(A1..A5)╜╡ `@MIN(Range)` Minimum÷alueΘn⌠he≥ange Ex.└Min(A1..B2)╜▒.1 `@PERM(N,R)` Permutations∩f╬Θtems,╥ßtß⌠ime Ex.└PERM(6,2)╜│0 `@POISSON(x,v,t)` Returns⌠he÷alue∩f⌠he╨oissonΣistributionµunction,ßt≡oint°. x=Valueßt≈hich⌠oσvaluate v=mean∩fΣistribution t=evaluationΘnterval `@PSUM(Range1,Range2)` Summation∩f⌠he≡roduct∩fσachσlement∩f╥ange1φultipliedΓy⌠he correspondingσlement∩f╥ange2. `@QAVG("@X=Criterion",Range,Offset)` Returns⌠heßverage∩f⌠he÷aluesΘn⌠he≥ange⌠hatφeet theπriterion.¿See└QMAX,Γelow,µorßΣetailedσxplanation∩f theπriterionßnd∩ffset≤ettings) `@QCOUNT("@X=Criterion",Range,Offset)` Returns⌠heπount¿number∩f≥ecords)Θn⌠he≥ange⌠hatφeet theπriterion.¿See└QMAX,Γelow,µorßΣetailedσxplanation∩f theπriterionßnd∩ffset≤ettings) `@QMAX("@X=Criterion",Range,Offset)` Starts≤canning⌠he≤pecified╥angeµorßllπells⌠hatφeet⌠he Criterion.Then,Θtµinds⌠heφaximum÷alue∩f⌠heπells, corresponding⌠o⌠hoseµoundΘn⌠heπriterion≥ange,∞ocated╧ffset columns⌠o⌠he≥ight¿or⌠he∞eftµorεegative∩ffsets)µrom⌠he columnsπurrentlyΓeing≡rocessed). Consider⌠heµollowingσxample: ......A..../....B..../....C..../ 1:5110 2:123 3 3:7235 4:10123 1.....@QMAX("@X<10",A1..A4,0)=7 Criterion╥ange:A1..A4 Cells═eeting├riteria:A1ª┴3 Offset:0 ┐ Operating∩n├olumn:A ┘ Maximum╓alue:7 Specified╥ange≡rocessed.Stop╙earch! 2.....@QMAX("@X<30",A1..C4,0)=23 Columns┴,┬ßnd├ßre≤earchedΘn∩rder,∞ookingµor÷alues meeting⌠heπriterion.Then⌠heφaximum∩f⌠hose÷aluesΘs returned. 3.....@QMAX("@X<3",A1..A4,1)=2 Column┴Θs≤earched∞ookingµor÷aluesφeeting⌠heπriterion. Calls┴1,┴3ßnd┴4φet⌠heπriterion.Using⌠he≤pecified offset∩f▒,⌠heπorrespondingπells∩neπolumn⌠o⌠he≥ight (B)ßre≤earchedßnd⌠heφaximum÷alueΘs≥eturned. `@QMIN("@X=Criterion",Range,Offset)` Returns⌠heφinimum÷alue∩f⌠hose≥ecordsΘn⌠he≥ange⌠hatφeet⌠he criterion.¿See└QMAXµorσxplanation∩fπriterion≤etting) `@QSTD("@X=Criterion",Range)` Returns⌠he≤tandardΣeviation∩f⌠hose≥ecordsΘn⌠he≥ange⌠hatφeet theπriterion.¿See└QMAXµorσxplanation∩fπriterion≤etting) `@QSUM("@X=Criterion",Range)` Returns⌠he≤um∩f⌠hose≥ecordsΘn⌠he≥ange⌠hatφeet⌠heπriterion. (See└QMAXµorσxplanation∩fπriterion≤etting) `@QVAR("@X=Criterion",Range)` Returns⌠he÷ariance∩f⌠hose≥ecordsΘn⌠he≥ange⌠hatφeet⌠he criterion.¿See└QMAXµorσxplanation∩fπriterion≤etting) `@RANK(Range)` Calculates⌠he≥ank∩fßφatrix `@SKEW(range)` Calculates⌠heπoefficient∩f≤kewnessµorß≤et∩fΣataΘnß range,⌡sing⌠he≤econdßnd⌠hirdφomentsßbout⌠heφean∩f⌠he sample. `@STD(Range)` StandardΣeviation∩f⌠he≥ange⌡sing╬-Weighting¿i.e.ßssuming⌠he whole≤ample≡opulationΘsδnown). Ex.└Std(A1..B2)╜2.551837 `@STDU(Range)` StandardΣeviation∩f⌠he≥ange⌡sing╬-1╫eighting¿i.e.Γased∩n⌠he sample≤ize¡≡opulationΘsεotδnown.) `@SUM(Range)` Sum∩f÷aluesΘn⌠he≥ange Ex.└Sum(A1..C3)╜┤4.6 `@TRACE(Range)` Returns⌠he⌠race∩f⌠heφatrixπontainedΘn≥ange. Ex.╔fπells┴1..C3πontain⌠he÷alues≤hownΓelow: 5212 414 689 Then,└TRACE(A1..C3)=▒5 `@VAR(Range)` Returns⌠he≡opulation÷ariance∩f⌠he≥angeßssuming⌠he whole≤ample≡opulationΘsδnown¿N╫eighting). Ex.└Var(A1..B2)╜╢.511875 `@VARU(Range)` Returns⌠he≡opulation÷ariance∩f⌠he≥ange,Γased∩nly∩n the≤ample≤ize¿N-1Weighting). Ex.└Var(A1..B2)╜╢.511875 !Special (@)%@-Special S╨┼├╔┴╠F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ `@AUTO¿No┴rguments)` Returns¿1)Θf≥ecalculationΘs≤et⌠o┴utomatic,¿0)ΘfΘt set⌠oφanual. `@CASE(N,Arg1,Arg2,Arg3,......)` Returns⌠he╬thßrgumentµrom⌠he┴rgument∞ist. Ex.@CASE(2,"A",2,"Sample")=2 `@COLS((CellOne,CellTwo)` Number∩fπolsΓetween⌠he⌠woπells. Ex.@Cols(A1..F10)╜╢ `@DEC(String)` Convert⌠he╚ex÷alue≥epresentedΓy╙tring⌠oßΣecimal÷alue. Four≥ightmostπharacters∩f╙tringßre⌡sed.If╙tringΘs∞onger than▒1πharacters,┼RRΘs≥eturned. Ex.└DEC("0012")╜▒8 `@DOSVER¿No┴rguments)` Returns⌠heπurrent÷ersion∩f─OS `@FILEINFO(String,═ode)` ReturnsΘnformationßbout⌠heµile≤pecifiedΓy╙tring.The information≥eturnedΣepends∩n═ode. Mode╜▒-FileSizeΘnΓytes 2-File┼xistence¿1-Exists,░-Doesεotσxist) 3-File┴ttribute `@HEX(Value)` Returns⌠heΦexadecimal≥epresentation∩f⌠heΣecimal╓alue. RangeΘs¡65535⌠o╢5535.Negative÷aluesßre≥eturnedßsΦex compliments∩f▓. Ex.@HEX(18)╜$0012 @HEX(-2)╜¡$FFFE `@HTABLE(compare,range,ofs)` Scans⌠op≥ow∩fºrange'µrom∞eft⌠o≥ight⌡ntilΘtµindsß÷alue greater⌠hanºcompare'ßnd≥eturns⌠he÷alue¿or∞abel)∞ocatedΘn⌠he sameπolumnΓutºofs'≥owsΣown. Ex.@HTABLE(5.6,A1..C3,1)╜┤.4 `@HTERP(x,range,offset)` Returns⌠heµ(x)÷alueΓased∩nßΦorizontalΘnterpolation∩fß⌠able. Theµirst¿top)≥ow∩fºrange'πontains⌠he°-values.Theºoffset' rowπontains⌠heµ(x)÷alues. Ex.└HTERP(1.2,A1..C3,1)╜▓.415555 `@INDEX(Range,Col,Row)` Returns⌠heσlementΘn≡osition╥ow,Col∩f╥ange. Ex.└Index(A1..C3,2,2)╜╖.5 `@IORESULT¿No┴rguments)` Returnsß÷alueΘndicating⌠he≤tatus∩f∞ast╔/O∩peration. Some∩f⌠he÷alues≥eturnedßre∞istedΓelow: 2¡╞ile╬ot╞ound 3¡╨athεotµound 4¡╘ooφanyµiles∩pen 5¡╞ile┴ccessΣenied `@LINK("Filename>Cell")` Link⌠heπurrentπell⌠oßπellΘnß≈orksheetµile∩nΣisk. Ex.@LINK("\ASEASY\FILE>D231") `@MEMAVAIL(n)` Returns⌠heßmount∩fµree╥AM/EMSΣepending∩n⌠he÷alue∩fε. n╜░-Total═emory¿Conventional½┼MS/VMS) 1-Conventional═emory 2-EMS/VMSφemory `@PATH¿No┴rguments)` Returns⌠heπurrent─ata╨ath `@PROTECT¿No┴rguments)` Returns¿1)Θf╟lobal╨rotectionΘs╧N,¿0)ΘfΘtΘs╧FF. `@QVIEW(n)` Ifε=0Θt≥eturns⌠heεumber∩f÷iews∩pen.Ifε=1Θt≥eturns⌠he number∩f⌠heπurrentßctive÷iew. `@ROWS(CellOne,CellTwo)` Number∩f≥owsΓetween⌠he⌠woπells. Ex.@Rows(A1..D10)╜▒0 `@USER(Arg,Arg2,Arg3)` Special,⌡serΣefinableµunction.╒SERπouldΓeßny⌡niqueεame assigned⌠o⌠heµunctionΣefinition≥angeΓy⌠he⌡ser. `@Version` Returns⌠heπurrent÷ersion∩f┴S-EASY-AS. `@VTABLE(compare,range,ofs)` Scans⌠op∞eftπolumn∩fºrange'µrom⌠op⌠oΓottom⌡ntilΘtµindsß valueτreater⌠hanºcompare'ßnd≥eturns⌠he÷alue¿or∞abel)∞ocated in⌠he≤ame≥owΓutºofs'πolumns⌠o⌠he≥ight. Ex.└VTABLE(2.3,A1..C3,2)╜▒0 `@VTERP(x,range,offset)` Returns⌠heµ(x)÷alueΓased∩nß÷erticalΘnterpolation∩fß⌠able. Theµirst¿left)πolumn∩fºrange'πontains⌠he°-values.The 'offset'πolumnπontains⌠heµ(x)÷alues. Ex.└VTERP(1.2,A1..C3,1)╜╡.758333└VTERP(3.4,A1..C3,2)╜▓.666666 `@@(Cell)¡╔ndirect┴ddressing` Refer⌠oºCell'.Forσxample,Θfπell┴1πontained⌠he≤tring┬22ßnd cell┬22πontained⌠he÷alue┤,⌠hen⌠heµormula└SQRT(@@(A1))≈ould return⌠he÷alue▓. !String (@)%@-String ╙╘╥╔╬╟F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ `@CELLPT(String)` ReturnsΘnformationßbout⌠he├URRENTπell¿i.e.,⌠heπell⌠hat⌠he pointerΘsπurrently∞ocated∩n).Type∩fΘnformationΣepends∩n String. String╜α"FORM"`returns⌠heµormat∩fπurrentπell. String╜α"ADDRESS"`≥eturns⌠heßddress∩fπurrentπellßsß≤tring« String╜α"CONTENTS"`⌠heπontents∩fπellßre≥eturnedßsß≤tring, e.g.A1+3Θs≥eturnedßsóA1+3" String╜α"ROW"`≥eturns⌠heπurrentπell≥owßddress. String╜α"COLUMN"`≥eturns⌠heπurrentπellπolßddress. String╜α"WIDTH"`≥eturns⌠heπurrentπellπolumn≈idth. String╜α"PREFIX"`≥eturns⌠heπurrentπell∞abel≡refix String╜α"TYPE"`≥eturnsßnΘntegerΣepending∩n⌠he contents∩f⌠heπurrentπell. 0¡╙tring╞ormula5¡┬lank├ell 1¡╓alueµormula6¡╓irgin┬lank├ell 2¡╥eal/Value8¡╙tring╞ormulaσrror 3¡╔nteger/Value9¡╓alue╞ormulaσrror 4¡╙tring/Label `@CELL(String,CELL)` Operates⌠he≤ame≈ayßs└CELLPT.All≤tringßrguments÷alidµor @CELLPTßreßlso÷alidµor└CELL.It≥eturns⌠heΘnformationßbout referencedºCELL'≥ather⌠hanßbout⌠he├URRENTπell. `@CHR(X)` The┴SCIIπharacterπorresponding⌠oΣecimalπode╪. `@EXACT(String1,String2)` One¿True)if╙tring1ßnd╙tring2ßreσxactly⌠he≤ame,·ero¿False)Θf theyßreεot. `@FIND(Strg1,String,Start)` Find⌠he∞ocation∩f╙trg1Θn╙tring,≤tartingßt≡osition╙tart. `@LEFT(String,N)` First╬πharactersΘn╙tring. `@LENGTH(String)` Number∩fπharactersΘn╙tring. `@LOWER(String)` All∞ettersΘn╙tringΘn∞owerπase. `@MID(String,N1,N2)` N2πharactersµrom≤tring,≤tarting≈ith╬1. `@N(Cell)` Theεumeric÷alueΘn├ell,░Θf≤tring. `@ORD(String)` Returns⌠he─ecimal┴SCIIπode∩f⌠heµirst characterΘn╙tring. `@PROPER(String)` All≈ordsΘn≤tring≈ith⌠heµirst∞etterΘn⌡pperπaseßnd⌠he≥est in∞owerπase. `@REPEAT(String,N)` String,≥epeated╬⌠imes. `@RIGHT(String,N)` The∞ast╬πharactersΘn╙tring. `@S(Cell)` The≤tring÷alueΘn├ell,εull≤tringΘfεumeric. `@STR(X,N)` Convertεumeric÷alue╪⌠oß≤tring,╬-decimals. `@TRIM(String)` String≈ithεo∞eading,⌠railing∩rφultiple≤paces. `@UPPER(String)` All∞ettersΘn╙tringΘn⌡pperπase. `@VAL(String)` Numeric÷alue∩f╙tring. !User (@)%@-User U╙┼╥F╒╬├╘╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Specialµunctions,≤et⌡pΓy⌠he⌡serπanΦave⌡p⌠o⌠hreeεumeric arguments.To≤et⌡pß⌡serµunction: A.╨lace⌡p⌠o⌠hreeεumericßrgumentsΘnß≥owΘnßdjacentπolumns. B.╨lace⌠heµormula≥elating⌠heεumeric÷aluesΘn⌠heπellΓelow⌠he leftmostßrgument. C.╟iveß⌡nique≥angeεame⌠o⌠he≥angeΘncluding⌠heßrgumentsßnd⌠he formula¿e.g.═INE). D.╒se⌠heεewlyΣefinedµunction¿e.g.@MINE). Example: -------- ┌.......A/......B/..........C/........D/...... 1 │1.04.0 12.0 2 │3.0 ─────┐ 3 │ └─Contains⌠heµormula¿A1/B1)*C1 4 │Name⌠he≥ange┴1..C2,ßs╒SR¿Use»Range,╬ame) 5 │ 6 │8.0 ─────Contains⌠he╞ormula@USR(2,3,12) 7 │ !Linear Prog%Maximize%Minimize L╔╬┼┴╥P╥╧╟╥┴══╔╬╟ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ The╠inear≡rogrammingπapabilities∩f┴S-EASY-ASßreΘnvoked⌡sing⌠he /Aray,╠inearπommand.The≡rogramσxpects⌠he⌡ser⌠o≤pecifyßnßrray (rectangular≥ange∩fπells),πontaining⌠heµollowingΘnformation. Coeffú1Coeffú2...CoeffúnLE/GEConstraintú1 Coeffú1Coeffú2...CoeffúnLE/GEConstraintú2 ......... ...... ......... ...... ......... ...... Coeffú1Coeffú2...CoeffúnLE/GEConstraintúm FCoeffú1FCoeffú2«..FCoeffúnEQMin/Max├riterion Where:`Coeffú1,2,..`are⌠heπoefficientsµor⌠he÷ariablesΘn each∩f⌠heπonstraintσquations. `LE/GE`either╟E¿Greater∩rσqual⌠han),∩r LE¿Less∩rσqual⌠han)µorσachπonstraint. `Constraintú1,#2`Theπonstants∩f⌠heπonstraint relationships. `FCoeffú1,2,..`Theπoefficientsµorσach÷ariableΘn⌠he functionΓeing∩ptimized. `EQ`In⌠he∞ast≥ow∩f⌠he≥ange¿containing⌠he description∩f⌠heµunctionΓeing∩ptimized), thisΦas⌠oΓe┼Q¿equal). `Min/Max`Either═IN∩r═AXΘndicating≈hether∙oußre trying⌠oφinimize∩rφaximize⌠heµunction. Then,┴S-EASY-AS≡roducesßn∩ptimized≤olution∩f⌠heµorm: Min/MaxOptimized╓alue X1Value∩f▒st÷ariableµor∩ptimized≤olution X2Value∩f▓nd÷ariableµor∩ptimized≤olution X3Value∩f│rd÷ariableµor∩ptimized≤olution Linear╨rogramming┼xample ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Maximize⌠heµunction:P╜▒0x½╡y Subject⌠o⌠heπonstraints:6x½▓yLE│6 2x½┤yLE│2 The≤olutionφatrixΘs≤et-upΘn┴S-EASY-ASßs≤hownΓelow,Θnπells┴1..D3. Theµirst≥owπontains⌠heµirstπonstraint,⌠he≤econd≥ow≥epresents⌠he secondπonstraintßnd⌠he⌠hird≥owπontains⌠heµunction≈eßre⌠rying⌠o maximize.Cells┴6..B8πontain⌠he≤olution≈hich≈as∩btainedΓy⌠he series∩fδeystrokes: /ALA1..D3{ENTER}A6{ENTER} Note⌠hat√ENTER}ΦereΘs⌡sed⌠oΣenote≡ressing⌠he┼NTERδey. [A]........A │.......B │.......C │.......D │.......E │ ▐1│62le36 ▐2│24le32 ▐3│105σqmax ▐4│ ▐5│ ▐6│max70 ▐7│X14 ▐8│X26 The≤olutionΘndicates⌠hat⌠heφaximum÷alue∩f⌠heµunctionΘs╨╜╖0, andΘt∩ccursßt⌠he°ßnd∙÷alues∩f°=4ßnd∙=6. !3D Panels%Dimensions D╔═┼╬╙╔╧╬╙ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ The╒ser,╔nstall,─imensionπommandßllows∙ou⌠o≤imulateß│-D environment.When⌠heπommandΘsΘnvoked,∙oußre≡romptedµor⌠heεumber of≡anels¿up⌠o┤00ßllowed). Theτenerated≡anelsßre▓56πolumns≈ideßnd¿8192/N)≥owsΦigh,≈here╬ is⌠heεumber∩f≡anels≤pecified.╨anelsßreεamed≤equentially¿A,┬,├, ....).Theπurrent≡anelΘsΘndicatedΓyΘts∞etter,≡ositioned∩n⌠he upper∞eftπorner∩f⌠he≤creen,Σirectlyßbove⌠heπolumnεumbers. Youπanτoµrom⌠heπurrent≡anel⌠oßnotherßsµollows: 1.╒se⌠he╟OTO¿F5)µunctionδey,∩r 2.╨ress├trl-PgDn.Thisφakes⌠heεext≡anelΘn⌠he≤equence⌠he current≡anel,∩r 3.╨ress├trl-PgUp.Thisφakes⌠he≡revious≡anelΘn⌠he≤equence⌠he current≡anel. Cellsµromßny≡anelπanΓeßccessedßs⌠hough⌠hey≈ereΘn⌠heπurrent one.When⌠he─imensions∩ptionΘs∩n,⌠heπellsßre≥eferencedΓy⌠he panel∞etter(s),µollowedΓyßπolonßnd⌠heπell≥eference: Examples: A:A1-Panel┴,├ell┴1 +AA:W34-Addπell╫34µrom≡anel┴A When⌠heεumber∩f≡anelsΘs≥eset⌠o∩ne,ßllΘnformationΘn⌠he≥est∩f the≡anelsΘs≥etainedΘn⌠he≈orksheet.╞orσxampleΘf⌠wo≡anelsΦad been≤elected,ßndΘnformation≈asσnteredΘnπell┬:A1,≈hen⌠heεumber of≡anelsΘs≥eset⌠o∩ne,⌠heΘnformationΘn┬:A1Θsεow∞ocatedΘnπell A4097. !Regression%Trend Line R┼╟╥┼╙╙╔╧╬ ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ AS-EASY-ASΘncludesß≡owerful╠east╙quares─ata╥egressionφodule.╔n itsφostΓasicΘmplementation,Σata≥egression≡ermits⌠he⌡ser⌠oµind anßnalyticalµunction⌠hatΣescribes⌠heΓehavior∩fß≤et∩f experimentalΣata.Furthermore,Θtßllows⌠he⌡ser⌠o≡redict÷alues other⌠han⌠hose∩bservedΘn⌠heσxperiment,⌠husσnabling⌠he⌡ser⌠o simulate⌠heσxperimentalπonditions.(Note⌠hatσxperiment,Φere,Θs used⌠o≥efer⌠oßny≡rocess⌠hat≥esultsΘnφeasurable∩bservations,Θt doesεot≤imply≥efer⌠o≤cientificσxperiments). AS-EASY-AS≡ermits≤ingle÷ariableßndφultivariate≥egressionßnalyses (up⌠o⌠hree÷ariables),≈henσach÷ariableπanΦave⌡p⌠o╣ coefficients.Forσxample,⌠he⌡ser≤pecified≥egressionµunctionπan rangeµrom⌠he≤imple, `f(x)╜ß½Γ*x` whereßßndΓßreπoefficientsπalculatedΓy theΣata≥egression≡rocess toµunctionσvenφuchφoreπomplex, `f(x,y,z)╜ß½Γ1*x½π1*x^2½Σ1*x^3½σ1*x^4½φ1*x^5½` `n1*SQRT(x)½≡1*LN(x)½≥1*EXP(x)½` `b2*y½π2*y^2½Σ2*y^3½σ2*y^4½φ2*y^5½` `n2*SQRT(y)½≡2*LN(y)½≥2*EXP(y)½` `b3*z½π3*z^2½Σ3*z^3½σ3*z^4½φ3*z^5½` `n3*SQRT(z)½≡3*LN(z)½≥3*EXP(z)` whereß,Γ1,π1,...n3,≡3,≥3ßreπoefficients calculatedΓy⌠heΣata≥egression≡rocess Note⌠hatßlthoughΘn⌠hisσxample≈e⌡se°,y,zßs⌠he÷ariables,µor clarity,⌠heτeneralπase¿and┴S-EASY-AS)≥efer⌠o⌠he⌠hree÷ariables as╪1,╪2ßnd╪3,ßnd⌠heπalculatedπoefficientsßre∞abelled accordingly. WhenΘnvoking⌠he─ata,╥egressionφenu,µor≤ingle÷ariable≥egression youεeed⌠o≤pecify∩neπolumn¿range∩fπells)µor⌠he╪-Data,ßnd∩ne correspondingπolumnµor⌠he┘-Data.If∙oußre≡erformingφultivariate analysis,⌠hen⌠he╪-Data≤houldΓe⌠wo¿or⌠hreeπolumns),ßnd⌠he┘- Data∩neπolumn. When∙ou≤elect├oefficients,⌠he≤ubmenu⌠hatßppears≡rior⌠o⌠he actualπoefficients,ßllows∙ou⌠o┼nable/Disableßny∩f⌠he⌠hree independent÷ariables.For╙INGLE÷ariable≥egression,∩fπourse,∩nly Variableú1≤houldΓeσnabled! !End